这才是心理学 1版 英文版
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作者(加)基思·斯坦诺维奇(Keith E.Stanovich)
出版社人民邮电出版社
ISBN9787115511843
出版时间2019-06
装帧平装
开本16开
定价68元
货号1201903325
上书时间2024-10-29
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作者简介
基思·斯坦诺维奇（Keith E.Stanovich），目前担任加拿大多伦多大学人类发展与应用心理学的国家首席教授，他的研究领域是推理和阅读的心理学机制。他于2010年获得格威尔美尔教育奖（Grawemeyer Award in Education）。他至今已发表了200多篇科学论文。在一项对于论文引用率的调查中，斯坦诺维奇位列引用率优选的50位发展心理学家之一，也是25位优选产的教育心理学家之一。他所撰写的《这才是心理学》（How to Think Straight about Psychology）一书被优选300多所心理学高等教育机构采用。
目录
Preface xiv
1 Psychology Is Alive and Well
(and Doing Fine Among the Sciences)1
The Freud Problem 1
The Diversity of Modern Psychology 3
Implications of Diversity 4
Unity in Science 4
What, Then, Is Science 6
Systematic Empiricism 7
Publicly Verifiable Knowledge:Replication and Peer Review 8
Empirically Solvable Problems:Scientists Search for Testable Theories 10
Psychology and Folk Wisdom:The Problem with “Common Sense” 11
Psychology as a Young Science 15
Summary 16
2 Falsifiability:How to Foil Little
Green Men in the Head 17
Theories and the Falsifiability Criterion 18
The Theory of Knocking Rhythms 19
Freud and Falsifiability 20
The Little Green Men 22
Not All Confirmations Are Equal 23
Falsifiability and Folk Wisdom 24
The Freedom to Admit a Mistake 25
Thoughts Are Cheap 27
Errors in Science:Getting Closer to the Truth 28
Summary 30
3 Operationism and Essentialism:
“But, Doctor, What Does It Really Mean ” 31
Why Scientists Are Not Essentialists 31
Essentialists Like to Argue About the Meaning of Words 32
Operationists Link Concepts to Observable Events 32
Reliability and Validity 34
Direct and Indirect Operational Definitions 37
Scientific Concepts Evolve 38
Operational Definitions in Psychology 40
Operationism as a Humanizing Force 42
Essentialist Questions and the Misunderstanding of Psychology 43
Summary 44
4 Testimonials and Case Study Evidence:
Placebo Effects and the Amazing Randi 45
The Place of the Case Study 47
Why Testimonials Are Worthless:Placebo Effects 48
The “Vividness” Problem 51
The Overwhelming Impact of the Single Case 53
Why Vivid Anecdotes and Testimonials Are So Potent 54
The Amazing Randi:Fighting Fire with Fire 55
Testimonials Open the Door to Pseudoscience 57
Summary 62
5 Correlation and Causation:Birth
Control by the Toaster Method 63
The Third-Variable Problem 64
Why Goldbergers Evidence Was Better 65
The Directionality Problem 68
Selection Bias 70
Summary 72
6 Getting Things Under Control:
The Case of Clever Hans 74
Snow and Cholera 75
Comparison, Control, and Manipulation 76
Random Assignment in Conjunction with
Manipulation Defines the True Experiment 77
The Importance of Control Groups 79
The Case of Clever Hans, the Wonder Horse 83
Clever Hans in the 1990s and in the Present Day 85
Prying Variables Apart:Spe Conditions 88
Intuitive Physics 90
Intuitive Psychology 91
Summary 93
7 “But Its Not Real Life!”:
The “Artifiity” Criticism and Psychology 94
Why Natural Isnt Always Necessary 94
The Random Sample Versus Random Assignment Confusion 96
Theory-Driven Research Versus Direct Applications 97
Applications of Psychological Theory 99
The “College Sophomore” Problem 101
The Real-Life and College Sophomore Problems in Perspective 104
Summary 105
8 Avoiding the Einstein Syndrome:
The Importance of Converging Evidence 106
The Connectivity Principle 107
A Consumers Rule:Beware of Violations of Connectivity 108
The “Great-Leap” Model Versus the Gradual-Synthesis Model 109
Converging Evidence:Progress Despite Flaws 110
Types of Converging Evidence 113
Scientific Consensus 118
Methods and the Convergence Principle 118
The Progression to More Powerful Methods 119
A Counsel Against Despair 122
Summary 124
9 The Misguided Search for the “Magic Bullet”:
The Issue of Multiple Causation 125
The Concept of Interaction 126
The Temptation of the Single-Cause Explanation 128
Summary 131
10 The Achilles Heel of Human
Cognition:Probabilistic Reasoning 132
“Person-Who” Statistics 135
Probabilistic Reasoning and the Misunderstanding of Psychology 136
Psychological Research on Probabilistic Reasoning 138
Insufficient Use of Probabilistic Information 139
Failure to Use Sample-Size Information 140
The Gamblers Fallacy 142
A Further Word About Statistics and Probability 144
Summary 146
11 The Role of Chance in Psychology 147
The Tendency to Try to Explain Chance Events 147
Explaining Chance:Illusory Correlation and the Illusion of Control 150
Chance and Psychology 151
Coincidence 151
Personal Coincidences 153
Accepting Error in Order to Reduce Error:Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction 155
Summary 160
12 The Rodney Dangerfield of the Sciences 162
Psychologys Image Problem 163
Psychology and Parapsychology 163
The Self-Help Literature 165
Recipe Knowledge 166
Psychology and Other Disciplines 167
Our Own Worst Enemies 168
Our Own Worst Enemies, Part II:Psychology
Has Become an Ideological Monoculture 172
Isnt Everyone a Psychologist Implicit Theories of Behavior 178
The Source of Resistance to Scientific Psychology 179
The Final Word 182
References 183
Name Index 210
Subject Index 217
内容摘要
在今天的大众媒体和图书市场上，到处充斥着关于潜能提升、心理操控、色彩星座、催眠读心等伪装成心理学的主题，更有一些伪心理学家、所谓的心理治疗师打着心理学的旗号欺世盗名，从中渔利。在浩如烟海、良莠不齐的心理学信息面前，如何拨除迷雾，去伪存真，成为一个明智的心理学信息的消费者？这本书将教给你科学实用的批判性思维技能，将真正的心理学研究从伪心理学中区分出来，告诉你什么才是真正的心理学。
《这才是心理学》首版于1983年，30多年来一直被奉为心理学入门经典，在优选大学中享有盛誉，现在呈现在读者面前的是英文第11版。这本书并不同于一般的心理学导论类教材，很多内容是心理学课堂上不曾讲授的，也是许多心理学教师在教学中感到只可意会而不可言传的。作者正是从此初衷出发，以幽默生动的语言，结合一些妙趣横生、贴近生活的实例，深入浅出地介绍了可证伪性、操作主义、实证主义、安慰剂效应、相关和因果、概率推理等心理学中的基本原则。与上一版相比，第11版更新了*新的研究资料和实例以及290篇参考文献。
本书不仅适合于心理学专业的学生，有助于建立心理学研究中必要的批判性思维技能与意识，而其通俗易读性也很好适合所有对心理学感兴趣的读者，它将帮助你纠正对心理学的种种误解，学会独立地评估心理学信息，用科学的精神和方法理解自己和他人的行为。此外，由于心理学与其他学科的共通性，本书也不失为一本精彩有趣的科学哲学类读物。
主编推荐
首版于1983年，30多年来一直被奉为心理学入门经典，在优选很好大学中享有盛誉，被优选500多所教育机构采用；
以幽默生动的语言，结合一些妙趣横生、贴近生活的实例，深入浅出地介绍了心理学中的批判性思维，告诉你什么才是真正的心理学，拒绝“伪心理学”；
清华大学心理学系主任彭凯平教授作序推荐，北京大学心理学院魏坤琳（Dr. 魏）特别推荐，书单来了、科学松鼠会等知名媒体专文推荐！
近期新第11版，增加全新的案例和290条参考文献，英文原版，原汁原味呈现原著精华。
精彩内容
There exists a body of knowledge that is unknown to most people. This information concerns human behavior and consciousness in their various forms. It can be used to explain, predict, and control human actions. Those who have access to this knowledge use it to gain an understanding of other human beings. They have a more complete and accurate conception of what determines the behavior and thoughts of other individuals than do those who do not have this knowledge.
Surprisingly enough, this unknown body of knowledge is the discipline of psychology.
What can I possibly mean when I say that the discipline of psychology is unknown? Surely, you may be thinking, this statement was not meant to be taken literally. Bookstores contain large sections full of titles dealing with psychology. Television and radio talk shows regularly feature psychological topics. Magazine articles and websites quote people called psychologists talking about a variety of topics. Yet, despite all of this, there is an important sense in which the field of psychology is unknown.
The transfer of “psychological” knowledge that is taking place via the media is largely an illusion. Few people are aware that the majority of the books they see in the psychology sections of many bookstores are written by individuals with absolutely no standing in the psychological community. Few are aware that many of the most visible psychological “experts” have contributed no information to the fund of knowledge in the discipline of psychology.
The flurry of media attention paid to “psychological” topics has done more than simply present inaccurate information. It has also obscured the very real and growing knowledge base in the field of psychology. The general public is unsure about what is and is not psychology and is unable to independently evaluate claims about human behavior. Adding to this problem is the fact that many people have a vested interest in a public that is either without evaluative skills or that believes there is no way to evaluate psychological claims. The latter view, sometimes called the “anything goes” attitude, is one of the fallacies discussed in this book, and it is particularly costly to the public. Many pseudosciences are multimillion-dollar industries that depend on the lack of public awareness that claims about human behavior can be tested. The general public is also unaware that many of the claims made by these pseudosciences (e.g., astrology, psychic surgery, speed reading, biorhythms, therapeutic touch, subliminal self-help tapes, facilitated communication, indigo children, psychic detectives) have been tested and proved false. The existence of the pseudoscience industry, which is discussed in this book, increases the media’s tendency toward sensationalistic reporting of science. This tendency is worse in psychology than in other sciences, and understanding the reasons why this is so is an important part of learning how to think straight about psychology.
This book, then, is directed not at potential researchers in psychology but at a much larger group: the consumers of psychological information. The target audience is the beginning psychology student and the general reader who have encountered information on psychological issues in the general media and have wondered how to go about evaluating its validity.
This
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