SMT单板互连可靠性与典型失效场景
正版保障 假一赔十 可开发票
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库存72件
作者贾忠中 著
出版社电子工业出版社
ISBN9787121486371
出版时间2023-04
装帧平装
开本其他
定价168元
货号17622097
上书时间2024-11-20
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目录
第一部分 焊点失效机理与裂纹特征 第 1 章 焊点的可靠性 ............................................................................................ 3 1.1 焊点 ...........................................................................................................................................3 1.1.1 焊点的微观组织结构及常见失效位置 ........................................................................4 1.1.2 焊点的失效标准 ............................................................................................................4 1.1.3 焊点的断裂类型 ............................................................................................................5 1.2 导致焊点失效的载荷条件 .......................................................................................................7 1.3 焊点失效机理 ...........................................................................................................................7 1.3.1 温度循环引发的焊点失效机理 ....................................................................................7 1.3.2 机械应力引发的焊点失效机理 ..................................................................................10 1.3.3 热冲击引发的焊点失效机理 ......................................................................................12 1.3.4 蠕变引发的焊点失效机理 ..........................................................................................13 1.4 焊点的可靠性评价 .................................................................................................................14 1.4.1 焊点的可靠性取决于 PCBA 的互连结构设计 ..........................................................14 1.4.2 焊点的可靠性工作 ......................................................................................................14 1.4.3 焊点失效原因分析流程 ..............................................................................................15 案例 1:某单板上的 BGA 使用两年后失效 .............................................................15 第 2 章 温度循环导致的焊点失效........................................................................... 17 2.1 疲劳失效的典型场景 .............................................................................................................17 2.1.1 整体热膨胀失配 ..........................................................................................................17 2.1.2 局部热膨胀失配 ..........................................................................................................18 2.1.3 内部热膨胀失配 ..........................................................................................................18 2.2 疲劳失效的裂纹演进过程与特征 .........................................................................................18 2.2.1 片式元件焊点疲劳失效典型裂纹特征 ......................................................................19 2.2.2 翼形引脚焊点疲劳失效典型裂纹特征 ......................................................................19 2.2.3 BGA 焊点疲劳失效典型裂纹特征 .............................................................................20 SMT 单板互连可靠性与典型失效场景 2.2.4 QFN 焊点疲劳失效典型裂纹特征 .............................................................................21 2.2.5 CBGA 焊点疲劳失效典型裂纹特征 ..........................................................................22 2.2.6 CCGA 焊点疲劳失效典型裂纹特征 ..........................................................................23 2.2.7 通孔插装焊点疲劳失效典型裂纹特征 ......................................................................24 2.2.8 焊接工艺对裂纹特征的影响 ......................................................................................24 2.3 小结 .........................................................................................................................................25 第 3 章 机械应力导致的焊点失效........................................................................... 27 3.1 机械应力失效的典型场景 .....................................................................................................27 3.1.1 冲击 ..............................................................................................................................27 案例 2:BGA 脱落 ......................................................................................................27 3.1.2 瞬时弯曲 ......................................................................................................................29 案例 3:插件操作导致 BGA 焊点开裂 .....................................................................29 3.1.3 循环弯曲 ......................................................................................................................31 3.1.4 振动 ..............................................................................................................................31 3.2 机械应力失效的裂纹特征 .....................................................................................................31 3.3 脆性的界面 IMC ....................................................................................................................33 3.3.1 ENIG 镀层形成的焊点具有脆性 ................................................................................34 案例 4:Ni 氧化导致焊点界面脆化 ...........................................................................37 3.3.2 不连续的块状 IMC ......................................................................................................40 3.4 典型应力敏感元件及应力失效 .............................................................................................41 3.4.1 应力敏感封装 ..............................................................................................................41 3.4.2 片式电容 .....................................................................................................................41 3.4.3 球栅阵列封装 ..............................................................................................................46 案例 5:ICT 测试导致 BGA 焊点开裂 ......................................................................46 案例 6:压接导致 BGA 焊点开裂 .............................................................................48 第 4 章 焊点失效分析方法.................................................................................... 51 4.1 失效分析及方法 .....................................................................................................................51 4.1.1 失效分析 ......................................................................................................................51 4.1.2 失效分析思路 ..............................................................................................................51 4.1.3 失效分析基本流程与方法 ..........................................................................................51 4.1.4 焊点失效分析的常用方法 ..........................................................................................52 4.2 X 射线检测 .............................................................................................................................53 4.2.1 X 射线图像的采集原理...............................................................................................54 4.2.2 X 射线图像的分析.......................................................................................................56 4.3 超声扫描显微镜 .....................................................................................................................58 4.3.1 超声扫描显微镜概述 ..................................................................................................58 4.3.2 超声扫描显微镜的工作原理 ......................................................................................58 4.3.3 分析步骤 ......................................................................................................................60 4.3.4 超声扫描显微镜和 X 射线的对比..............................................................................61 4.4 切片 .........................................................................................................................................62 4.4.1 切片样品的制备 ..........................................................................................................62 4.4.2 切片分析应用 ..............................................................................................................64 4.5 扫描电子显微镜 .....................................................................................................................65 4.5.1 扫描电子显微镜概述 ..................................................................................................65 4.5.2 扫描电子显微镜的工作原理 ......................................................................................66 4.5.3 SEM 的优点 .................................................................................................................66 4.5.4 样品的制备 ..................................................................................................................66 4.5.5 应用 ..............................................................................................................................67 4.6 染色渗透 .................................................................................................................................69 4.7 光学检测 .................................................................................................................................70 4.8 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 .........................................................................................................71 案例 7:PCBA 白色污染物成分的分析 ....................................................................71 案例 8:材料一致性检验 ............................................................................................72 第 5 章 失效原因的基本判定................................................................................. 73 5.1 焊接问题与组装问题的判定 .................................................................................................73 5.1.1 焊接合格的标准 ..........................................................................................................73 5.1.2 组装应力引诱或导致的焊点失效 ..............................................................................75 5.2 焊点开裂裂纹特征图谱 .........................................................................................................77 5.2.1 典型热 / 机疲劳断裂焊点切片图 ...............................................................................77 5.2.2 典型机械应力导致的焊点断裂切片图 ......................................................................79 5.2.3 熔断焊点切片图 ........................
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