目录 Preface 前言 List of Figures List of Tables Abstract 1. Introduction 1.1. What is Parsing? 1.2. The Introspective View 1.3. The Retrospective View 1.4. Data-Oriented Parsing 1.5. General Problems 1.6. The Proposed Research 1.6.1. Background to the Proposed Research 1.6.2. The Basic Approach of the Proposed Research 1.6.3. The Strengths and Novelties of the Proposed Approach 1.6.3.1. Automated Grammar Generation 1.6.3.2. De-Lexicalised Terminal Nodes 1.6.3.3. Global Parse with Subcategorisation Features 1.6.3.4. High-Quality Partial Parse 1.6.3.5. Intrinsic Ability to Learn 1.7. The Organisation of the Book 2. The Automatic Analysis of English Word Classes 2.1. An Overview of Word Class Tagging 2.2. Major Word Class Tagging Schemes 2.2.1. The Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Tagging Scheme 2.2.1.1. The Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus 2.2.1.2. The Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Tag Set 2.2.1.3. Summary 2.2.2. The International Corpus of English Tagging Scheme 2.2.2.1. The International Corpus of English 2.2.2.2. The International Corpus of English Tag Set 2.2.3. A Comparison of LOB and ICE 2.3. Word Class Tagging Methodologies 2.3.1. The Rule-Based Approach 2.3.2. The Probabilistic Approach 2.4. AUTASYS: A Hybrid Tagging System 2.4.1. A Probabilistic Approach Using the LOB Tag Set 2.4.1.1. The Tag Assignment Module 2.4.1.1.1. Tokenisation 2.4.1.1.2. The treatment of"." 2.4.1.1.3. The treatment of"" 2.4.1.1.4. Sentence boundary markers 2.4.1.2. Orthographic Analysis 2.4.1.3. Lexicon Lookup 2.4.1.3.1. The lexicon 2.4.1.3.2. The coverage of the lexicon 2.4.1.4. Morphological Analysis 2.4.2. The Idiom Identification Module 2.4.3. The Probabilistic Tag Selection Module 2.4.3.1. The Bigram Probabilistic Matrix 2.4.3.2. Implementing Probabilistic Tag Selection 2.4.4. The Rule-Based Refinement Module 2.4.5. Empirical Evaluation 2.4.6. Permissive AUTASYS-LOB Disagreements 2.4.6.1. NNP-NPT 2.4.6.2. JJ-JJB 2.4.6.3. NNP-NPL 2.4.6.4. RB-NN 2.4.7. Summary 2.5. A Rule-Based Approach towards LOB to ICE Translation 2.5.1. Solutions for Verbs 2.5.1.1. Auxiliary vs. Lexical 2.5.1.2. Monotransitive vs. Complex Transitive 2.5.1.3. Finite vs. Nonfinite 2.5.2. Closed Sets 2.5.3. Initial Results 2.5.4. Problems 2.5.5. Summary 3. The Automatic Induction of a Formal Grammar 4. Robust Practical Analogy-Based Parsing 5. Extensive Evaluations of the Survey Parser 6. The Resolution of Prepositional Phrases 7. Conclusions and Further Work References Appendix A: A List of LOB Tags Appendix B: A List of ICE Tags Appendix C: A List of AUTASYS Idioms Appendix D: A List of ICE Parsing Symbols Appendix E: A List of ICE Prepositions in Descending Frequency Order Appendix F: A Distributional Profile of ICE-GB Prepositions Index
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