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作者WayneM.Becker[等著]
出版社科学出版社
ISBN9787030317629
出版时间2011-11
装帧平装
开本16开
定价136元
货号7041152
上书时间2024-09-02
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目录
Brief Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Detailed Contents
1 A Preview of the Cell
2 The Chemistry of the Cell
3 The Macromolecules of the Cell
4 Cells and Organelles
5 Bioenergetics:The Flow of Energy in the Cell
6 Enzymes:The Catalysts of Life
7 Membranes:Their Structure,Function,and Chemistry
8 Transport Across Membranes:Overcoming the Permeability Barrier
9 Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism:Glycolysis and Fermentation
10 Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism:Aerobic Respiration
11 Phototrophic Energy Metabolism:Photosynthesis
12 The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes
13 Signal Transduction Mechanisms:I.Electrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons
14 Signal Transduction Mechanisms:II.Messengers and Receptors
15 Cytoskeletal Systems
16 Cellular Movement:Motility and Contractility
17 Beyond the Cell:Cell Adhesions,Cell Junctions,and Extracellular Structures
18 The Sturctural Basis of Cellular Information:DNA,Chromosomes,and the Nucleus
19 The Cell Cycle,DNA Replication,and Mitosis
20 Sexual Reproduction,Meiosis,and Genetic Recombination
21 Gene Expression:I.The Genetic Code and Transcription
22 Gene Expression:II.Protein Synthesis and Sorting
23 The Regulation of Gene Expression
24 Cancer Cells
Appendix:Visualizing Cells and Molecules
Glossary
Photo,Illustration,and Text Credits
Index
Detailed Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 A Preview of the Cell
The Cell Theory:A Brief History
The Emergence of Modern Cell Biology
The Cytological Strand Deals with Cellular Structure
The Biochemical Strand Covers the Chemistry of Biological Structure and Function
The Genetic Strand Focuses on Information Flow
"Facts"and the Scientific Method
Summary of Key Points
Making Connections
Problem Set
Suggested Reading
Box 1A Experimmental Techniques:Units of Measurement in Cell Biology
Box 1B Further Insights:Biology,"Facts,"and the Scientific Method
2 The Chemistry of the Cell
The Importance of Carbon
Carbon-Containing Molecules Are Stable
Carbon-Containing Molecules Are Diverse
Carbon-Containing Molecules Can Form Stereoisomers
The Importance of Water
Water Molecules Are Polar
Water Molecules Are Cohesive
Water Has a High Timperature-Stabilizing Capacity
Water Is an Excellent Solvent
The Importance of Selectively Permeable Membranes
A Membrane Is a Lipid Bilayer with Proteins Embedded in It
Membranes Are Selectively Permeable
The Importance of Synthesis by Polymerization
Macromolecules Are Responsible for Most of the Form and Function in Living Systems
Cells Contain Three Different Kinds of Macromolecules
Macromolecules Are Synthesized by Stepwise Polymerization of Monomers
The Importance of Self-Assembly
Many Proteins Self-Assemble
Molecular Chaperones Assist the Assembly of Some Proteins
Noncovalent Bonds and Interactions Are Important in the Folding of Macromolecules
Self-Assembly Also Occurs in Othe Cellular Structures
The Tobacco Mosaic Birus Is a Case Study in Self-Assembly
Self-Assembly Has Limits
Hierarchical Assembly Provides Advantages for the Cell
Summary of Key Points
Making Connections
Problem Set
Suggested Reading
Box 2A Further Insights:Tempus Fugit and Fine Art of Watchmaking
3 The Macromolecules of the Cell
Proteins
The Monomers Are Amino Acids
The Polymers Are Polypepitdes and Proteins
Several Kinds of Bonds and Interactions Are Important in Protein Folding and Stability
Protein Structure Depends on Amino Acid Sequence and Interactions
Nucleic Acids
The Monomers Are Nucleotides
The Polymers Are DNA and RNA
A DNA Molecule Is a Double-Stranded Helix
Polysaccharides
The Monomers Are Monosaccharides
The Polymers Are Storage and Structural Polysaccharides
Polysaccharide Structure Depends on the Kinds of Glycosidic Bonds Involved
Lipids
Fatty Acids Are the Building Blocks of Several Classes of Lipids
Triacylglycerols Are Storage Lipids
Phospholipids Are Important in Membrane Structure
Glycolipids Are Specialized Membrane Components
Steroids Are Lipids with a Variety of Functions
Terpenes Are Formed from Isoprene
Summary of Key Points
Making Connections
Problem Set
Suggested Reading
Box 3A Further Insights:On the Trail of the Double Helix
4 Cells and Organelles
Properties and Strategies of Cells
All Organisms Are Bacteria,Archaea,or Eukaryotes
Limitations on Cell Size
Eukaryotic Cells Use Organelles to Compartmentalize Cellular Function
Bacteria,Archaea,and Eukaryotes Differ from Each Other in Many Ways
Cell Specialization Demonstrates the Unity and Diversity of Biology
The Eudaryotic Cell in Overview:Pictures at an Exhibition
The Plasma Membrane Defines Cell Boundaries and Retaions Contents
The Nucleus Is the Information Center of the Eukaryotic Cell
Intracellular Membranes and Organelles Define Compartments
The Cytoplasm of Eukaryotic Cells Contaions the Cytosol and Cytoskeleton
The Extracellular Matrix and the Cell Wall Are the "Outside "of the Cell
Viruses,Biroids,and Prions:Agents That Invade Cells
A Virus Consists of a DNA or RNACore Surrounded by a Protein Coat
Viroids Are Small,Circular RNA Molecules
Prions Are "proteinaceous Infective Particles"
Summary of Key Points
Making Connections
Problem Set
Suggested Reading
Box 4A Human Applications:Organelles and Human Diseases
Box 4B Further Insights:Discovering Organelles:The Importance of Centrifuges and Chance Observations
5 Bioenergetics:The Flow of Energy in the Cell
The Importance of Energy
Cells Need Energy to Drive Six Different Kinds of Changes
Organisms Obtain Energy Either from Sunlight or from the Oxidation of Chemical Compounds
Energy Flows Through the Biosphere Continuously
The Flow of Energy Through the Biosphere Is Accompanied by a Flow of Matter
Bioenergetics
To Understand Energy Flow,We Need to Understand Systems,Heat,and Work
The First Law of Thermodynamics Tells Us That Energy Is Conserved
The Second Law of Thermodynamics Tells Us That Reactions Have Directionality
Entropy and Free Energy Are Two Alternative Means of Assessing Thermodynamic Spontaneity
Understanding △G
The Equilibrium Constant Is a Measure of Directionality
△G Can Be Calculated Readily
The Standard Free Energy Change Is △G Measured Under Standard Conditions
Summing Up:The Meaning of △Gand △Go
Free Energy Change:Sample Calculations
Life and the Steady State:Reactions That Move Toward Equilibrium Without Ever Getting There
Summary of Key Points
Making Connections
Problem Set
Suggested Reading
Box 5A Further Insights:Jumping Beans and Free Energy
6 Enzymes:The Catalysts of Life
Activation Energy and the Metastable State
Before a Chemical Reaction Can Occur,the Activation Energy Barrier Must Be Overcome
The Metastalbe State Is a Resule of the Activation Barrier
Catalysts Overcome the Activation Energy Barrier
Enzymes as Biological Catalysts
Most Enzymes Are Proteins
Substrate Binding,Activation,and Reaction Occur at the Active Site
Enzyme Kinetics
Most Enzymes Display Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
What Is the Meaning of Vmax and Km?
Why Are Km and Vmax Important to Cell Biologists?
The Double-Reciprocal Plot Is a Useful Means of Linearizing Kinetic Data
Determing Km and Vmax:An Example
Enzyme Inhibitors Act Irreversibly or Reversibly
Enzyme Regulation
Allosteric Enzymes Are Regulated by Molecules Other than Reactants and Products
Allosteric Enzymes Exhibit Cooperative Interactions Between Subunits
Enzymes Can Also Be Regulated be the Addition or Removal of Chemical Groups
RNA Molecules as Enzymes:Ribozymes
Summary of Key Points
Making Connetious
Problem Set
Suggested Reading
Box 6A Further Insights:Monkeys and Peanuts
7 Membranes:Their Structure,Function,and Chemistry
The Functions of Membranes
Membranes Define Boundaries and Serve as Permeability Barriers
Membranes Are Sites of Specific Proteins and Therefore of Specific Functions
Membrane Proteins Regulate the Transport of Solutes
Membrane Proteins Detect and Transmit Electrical and Chemical Signals
Membrane Proteins Mediate Cell Adhesion and Cell-to-Cell Communication
Models of Membrane Structure:An Experimental Perspective
Overton and Langmuir:Lipids Are Important Components of Membranes
Gorter and Grendel:The Basis of Membrane Structure Is a Lipid Bilayer
Davson and Danielli:Membranes Also Contain Proteins
Robertson:All Membranes Share a Common Underlying Structure
Further Research Revealed Major Shortcomings of the Davson-Danielli Model
Singer and Nicolson:A Membrane Consists of a Mosaic of Proteins in a Fluid Lipid Bilayer
Unwin and Henderson:Most Membrane Proteins Contain Transmembrane Segments
Recent Findings Further Refine Our Understanding of Membrane Structure
Membrane Lipids:The "Fluid"Part of the Model
Membranes Contain Several Major Classes of Lipids
Thin-Layer Chromatography Is an Importangt Technique for Lipid Analysis
Fatty Acids Are Essential to Membrane Structure and Function
Membrane Asymmetry:Most Lipids Are Distributed Unequally Between the Two Monolayers
The Lipid Bilayer Is Fluid
Membranes Function Properly Only in the Fluid State
Most Organisms Can Regulate Membrane Fluidity
Lipid Rafts Are Localized Regions of Membrane Lipids That Are Involved in Cell Signaling
Membrane Proteins:The "Mosaic"Part of the Model
The Membrane Consists of a Mosaic of Proteins:Evidence from Freezi-Fracture Microscopy
Membranes Contain Integral,Peripheral,and Lipid-Anchored Proteins
Proteins Can Be Separated by SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel E
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