物种起源:英文版
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作者[英]达尔文[CharlesDarwin]著
出版社中央编译出版社
ISBN9787511705259
出版时间2011-01
装帧平装
开本16开
定价68元
货号6799341
上书时间2024-09-19
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作者简介
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目录
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I VARIATION UNDER DOMESTICATION
Causes of variability
Effects of habit and of the use or disuse of parks; Correlated variation;Inheritance
Character of domestic varieties; Difficulty of distinguishing between varieties and species; Origin of domestic varieties from one or more species
Breeds of the domestic pigeon, Their differences and origin
Principles of selection anciently followed, and their effects
Unconscious selection
Circumstances favourable to mans power of selection
CHAPTER II VARIATION UNDER NATURE
Individual differences
Doubtful species
Wide-ranging, much diffused, and common species vary most
Species of the larger genera in each country vary more frequently than the species of the smaller genera
Many of the species included within the larger genera
resemble varieties in being very closely, but unequally,related to each other, and in having restricted ranges
Summary
CHAPTER III STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
The term, struggle for existence, used in a large sense
Geometrical ratio of increase
Nature of the checks to increase
Complex relations of all animals and plants to each other in the struggle for existence
Struggle for life most severe between individuals and vareties of the same species
CHAPTER IV NATURAL SELECTION; OR THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
Sexual selection
Illustrations of the action of natural selection, or the survival of the fittest
On the intercrossing of individuals
Circumstances favourable for the production of new forms through natural selection
Extinction caused by natural selection
Divergence of character
The probable effects of the action of natural selection through divergence of character and extinction, on the descendants of a common ancestor
On the degree to which organisation tends to advance
Convergence of character
Summary of chapter
CHAPTER V LAWS OF VARIATION
CHAPTER VI DIFFICULTIES OF THE THEORY
CHAFrER VIII INSTINCT
CHAPTER IX HYBRIDISM
CHAPTER X ON THE IMPERFECTION OF THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD
CHAPTER XI ON THE GEOLOGICAL
SUCCESSION OF ORGANIC BEINGS
CHAPTER XlI GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
CHAPTER XIII GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION——CONTINUED
CHAPTER XIV MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF
ORGANIC BEINGS MORPHOLOGY
EMBRYOLOGY——RUDIMENTARY ORGANS
CHAPTER XV RECAPITULATION
AND CONCLUSION
APPENDIX: GLOSSARY OF THE
PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC TERMS USED
IN THE PRESENT VOLUME
内容摘要
《物种起源(英文修订版)》内容简介：wited on board h.m.s. beagle, as naturalist, lwas much struck with certainfacts in the distribution of the organic beings inhabiting south america. and in thegeological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. thesefacts, as will be seen in the latter chapters of this volume, seemed to throw somelight on the origin of species——that mystery of mysteries, as it h~as been called byone of our greatest philosophers. on my return home. it occurred to me. in i837,that something might perhaps be made out on this question by pxatiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have anybearing on it. after five years' work 1 allowed myself to speculate on the subject.and drew up some short notes; these i enlarged in i844 into a sketch of theconclusions, which then seemed to me probable: from that period to the presentday i have steadily pursued the same object. i hope that i may be excused forentering on these personal details, as i give them to show that i have not beenhasty in coming to a decision.
主编推荐
《物种起源(英文修订版)》In I831, Darwin set out on H.M.S. Beagle as a self-financcd gentleman companion to the z0 year-old captain. Robert Fitzrov. On the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean he noticed many variations among plants and animals of the same general type as those in South America. The expedition visited places around the world, and Darwin studied plants and animals evervwhere he went. Collecting specimens for further study.
Upon his return to London in t836. Darwin conducted thorough research of his notes and] specimens. Out of this study grew several related theories: one. evolution did occur: two. evolutionarv change was gradual, requiring thousands to millions ofvears: three, the primary mechanism for evolution was a process called natural selection; and four, the millions of species alive today arose from a single original life form through a branching process called "speciation."
1831年12月，刚刚从剑桥大学毕业的达尔文以博物学家的身份搭乘英国海军的小猎犬号的往美洲，开始了为期五年的科学考察。准也不曾料想到，人类有史以来*深刻的思想革命由此拉开序幕：达尔文通过大量的事实证明，人类不是由上帝创造的，而是由猿猴进化来的。这是当时的人们尤其是教会人士无论如何没法接受的，难怪他们要在漫画中将他画成一只阴郁的猴子了。
在近代目前，达尔文的进化论对中国知识界的影响更是
建议上架：英语读物无与伦比。经过严复等一批进步思想家的介绍、翻译，“物竟天择，适者生存”的思想在清木的社会中亦如石破天惊，成为现代思想运动的起点，一时间仁人志士以进化论的观点提倡鼓民力、开民智、新民德，号召救亡图存，可以说无一不从逃化论始。
精彩内容
WItEN ON board H.M.S. Beagle, as naturalist, Lwas much struck with certainfacts in the distribution of the organic beings inhabiting South America. and in thegeological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. Thesefacts, as will be seen in the latter chapters of this volume, seemed to throw somelight on the origin of species--that mystery of mysteries, as it h~as been called byone of our greatest philosophers. On my return home. it occurred to me. in I837,that something might perhaps be made out on this question by'pxatientlyaccumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have anybearing on it. After five years' work 1 allowed myself to speculate on the subject.and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in I844 into a sketch of theconclusions, which then seemed to me probable: from that period to the presentday I have steadily pursued the same object. I hope that I may be excused forentering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not beenhasty in coming to a decision.
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