人类学习的理论

图书标准信息

• 作者 [加拿大]勒弗朗索瓦（Lefrancois.G.R.） 著
• 出版社 外语教学与研究出版社
• 出版时间 2004-10
• 版次 1
• ISBN 9787560043685
• 定价 33.90元
• 装帧 平装
• 开本 16开
• 纸张 其他
• 页数 385页
• 正文语种 简体中文，英语
• 丛书 教育学精品原版教材系列

【内容简介】

Updateddiscussionandevaluationofcurrenttheoriessuchasconnectionism（neuralnetmodes）;Thoroughexplorationofthedevelopmentofbehavioristicandcognitivetheories;Newmaterialonevolutionarypsychologyandbiology，Vygotsky，andtheoriesofmemory;Helpful，clearlylabeledappraisalsectionsfollowingeachmajortheory;Astorythatopenseachchapterplusobjective;ommentarythroughoutbytheOldMantofocusyourattention，maintainyourinterest，andenrichyourunderstandingofeachtheory.

【目录】

ReadThisFirst
导读
PartOne
TheFirstWords：ScienceandTheory
Chapter1HumanLearning：ScienceandTheory
ThisChapter
Objectives
PsychologyandLearning
Learning
PerformanceVersusLearning
Theory
Theories,Principles,Laws,andBeliefs
PurposesofTheories
CharacteristicsofGoodTheories
ScienceandtheDevelopmentofPsychologicalTheories
WhatIsScience？
RulesoftheScientificMethod
Experiments
ThinkingCriticallyAboutPsychologicalResearch
HumanandNonhumanSubjects
EthicsofAnimalResearch
HumansasSubjects
LearningTheory：ABriefOverview
RecentOriginsofLearningTheory
PreviewoftheText
Summary
MostlyBehavioristicTheories

Chapter2Pavlov,Watson,andGuthrie：EarlyBehaviorism
ThisChapter
Objectives
TheBeginningofScientificPsychology
EarlyPsychophysics
IvanP.Pavlov（1849-1936）
ClassicalConditioning
ExplanationsforStimulus-ResponseAssociations
VariationsinContiguity
Acquisition,Extinction,andRecovery
PavlovsClassicalConditioning：AnAppraisal
JohnB.Watson（1878-1958）
Behaviorism
AClassicalConditioningExplanationofLearning
EmotionalLearning
Transfer
WatsonsEnvironmentalism
HigherLearning
ApplyingWatsonsPsychology
WatsonsBehaviorism：AnAppraisal
EdwinGuthrie（1886-1959）
GuthriesLawofOne-ShotLearning
Practice
MovementProducedStimuli（MPS）
Habits
Forgetting
RewardandPunishment
PracticalApplicationsofGuthriesTheory
BreakingHabits
GuthriesOne-ShotLearning：AnAppraisal
EarlyBehavioristicTheories：Evaluation
Summary

Chapter3ThorndikeandHull：TheEffectsofBehavior
ThisChapter
Objectives
EdwardL.Thorndike（1874-1949）
Animallntelligence
ContiguityorReinforcement
ThorndikesPre-1930sTheory
SubsidiaryLaws
ThorndikesPost-1930Theory
ThorndikesConnectionism：AnAppraisal
ClarkL.Hull（1884-1952）
HullsSystem：AnOverview
MainComponentsofHulrsSystem
GraphicSummaryofHulrsSystem
InputVariables：Predictors
InterveningVariables
OutputVariables：ThePredicted
FractionalAntedatingGoalReactions
Habit-FamilyHierarchies
HullsFormalBehaviorism：AnAppraisal
Summary

Chapter4SkinnersRadicalBehaviorism：OperantConditioning
ThisChapter
Objectives
IsSkinnersRadicalBehaviorismAntitheoretical？
OverviewofSkinnersRadicalBehaviorism
Reinforcement
TypesofReinforcement
Punishment
IllustrationsofReinforcementandPunishment
SourcesofReinforcement
SchedulesofReinforcement
ContinuousorIntermittentReinforcement
EffectsofReinforcementSchedules
SchedulesofReinforcementinEverydayLife
Shaping
Chaining
ShapingandPeople
Fading,Generalization,andDiscrimination
Illustration1：PigeonsReading
Illustration2：QuailLoving
RelevancetoHumanLearning
TheScienceAppliedtoHumans
ControlThroughPositiveContingencies
ControlThroughNegativeContingencies
ImitationandOperantConditioning
SourcesofReinforcementinImitation
ThreeEffectsofModels
BehaviorManagement
PositiveReinforcementandPunisbment
Counterconditioning
Extinction
Imitation
SkinnersPosition：AnAppraisal
Contributions
EvaluationasaTheory
SomePhilosophicalObjections
Summary

Chapter5LearningandBiology：EvolutionaryPsychology
ThisChapter
Objectives
LearningTasteAversions
ConditioningExplanationsofTasteAversion
ThePhenomenonofBlocking
EvolutionaryPsychology
Autoshaping
InstinctiveDrift
BiologicalConstraintsinEvolutionaryPsychology
Sociobiology：ABranchofEvolutionaryPsychology
InclusiveFitnessandAltruism
CriticismsofSociobiology
EvolutionaryPsychology：AnAppraisal
Biofeedback：APracticalApplicationofConditioningTheories
OperantConditioningandAutonomicResponses
HowBiofeedbackWorks
TheBeginningofaTransition
Summary
TheBeginningsofModernCognitivism

Chapter6Hebb,Tolman,andtheGestaltists：TowardModernCognitivism
ThisChapter
Objectives
HebbsTheory：ALookatHigherMentalProcesses
HigherMentalProcesses
TheNeurologicalBasisofLearning
ComponentsandFunctioningoftheCentralNervousSystem
PossibleNeurologicalChangesUnderlyingLearning
HebbsNeurophysiologicalAssumptions
ReactivityandPlasticity
MediatingProcesses：HypothesesandAssumptions
HebbsViewofLearningandThinking
SetandAttention
HebbsTheory：AnAppraisal
FromBehaviorismtoCognitivism
MechanisticBehaviorism
TolmansPurposiveBehaviorism
DoRatsHavePurpose？
FourSummaryPrinciples
TolmansPurposiveBehaviorism：AnAppraisal
BasicBeliefsofGestaltPsychology
InsightVersusTrialandError
TheWholeIsGreaterThantheSumofltsParts
GestaltTheory：TheLawsofPerception
GestaltViewsofLearningandMemory
BeyondPerception：ThePsychologicalField