逻辑基本知识
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作者李先
出版社商务印书馆
ISBN9787100185417
出版时间2020-07
版次1
装帧平装
开本16开
纸张胶版纸
页数364页
定价48元
上书时间2024-09-01
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基本信息
书名:逻辑基本知识
定价：48.00元
作者:李先
出版社：商务印书馆
出版日期：2020-07-01
ISBN：9787100185417
字数：
页码：364
版次：
装帧：平装
开本：128开
商品重量：
编辑推荐
语文教师天天跟逻辑打交道，解释词语含义，分析课文篇章结构，看作文语句是否通顺、结构是否严谨、论述是否有说服力，等等，都要运用逻辑。《逻辑基本知识》密切联系语文教学的实际需要，列举了大量经典文本中的语言实例，分析文章的逻辑形式和推理形式，其中不乏统编教材的篇目。本书内容精要好懂，举例丰富，可以有效帮助中学生、语文教师学习逻辑基本知识，训练逻辑思维，提高语言表达能力。
内容提要
本书专为在语文教学中普及逻辑知识而撰写，曾收入叶苍岑主编的“语文基本知识丛书”，此次加以修订再版。全书分为“绪论”“逻辑与语言”“定义与划分”“演绎推理”“归纳推理”“思维的基本规律”“谬误”七章，系统而全面地介绍了逻辑基本知识、阅读中常见的逻辑分析方法以及常见的逻辑谬误等，密切结合自然语言和语文教学的实际，附以丰富的例子，其中不乏语文课文中的段落和经典文本。本书介绍的逻辑基本知识专业实用，语言深入浅出，篇幅精当，是广大读者学习逻辑知识的专业普及读物。
目录
前言 ··························································1章 绪论 ·····················································5节 什么是逻辑 ············································5第二节 逻辑与其他科学的关系·····························16一 逻辑与哲学的关系 ·····································16二 逻辑与数学的关系 ·····································20三 逻辑与语言学的关系 ··································22第三节 学习逻辑的意义 ·····································27第二章 逻辑和语言 ··········································34节 语言的基本职能 ·····································34一 交流思想的职能 ········································34二 表达感情的职能 ········································35三 指使行为的职能 ········································37第二节 自然语言和人工语言 ·······························39一 什么是自然语言和人工语言··························39二 自然语言的缺点与人工语言的优越性 ··············40三 逻辑要为自然语言精确化提供规则 ·················42第三节 语言形式和逻辑形式 ·······························43第四节 语句的预设和语境 ··································46第五节 对象语言和元语言 ··································50第三章 定义和划分 ·········································53节 语词的内涵与外延 ··································53第二节 “意义”的含义·······································58一 “意义”一词的多义性 ·································58二 解释“意义”的几种理论 ····························60三 内涵意义和外延意义 ··································64第三节 语词之间的关系 ·····································67一 同音词 ···················································67二 同义词 ···················································69三 多义词 ···················································71四 下义词与上位词 ········································71五 反义词 ···················································73第四节 定义的目的 ···········································78一 扩大与加深对语词的理解 ····························78二 消除对某些语词的错误理解··························79三 对科学术语给予理论性的解释 ······················80四 影响态度 ················································81第五节 定义的种类 ···········································82一 外延定义 ················································82二 内涵定义 ················································84第六节 定义的规则 ···········································91一 定义项与被定义项必须相应相称 ····················91二 定义不允许循环 ········································93三 定义一般不采用否定式 ·······························94四 定义不要使用晦涩的、有歧义的、 比喻性的语言 ·········································96第七节 划分 ···················································99第八节 归类 ·················································107第四章 演绎推理 ···········································112节 命题与语句 ··········································112第二节 直言命题 ·············································117第三节 直言三段论 ·········································129一 直言三段论的形式和作用 ··························130二 直言三段论的规则 ···································135三 直言三段论在语言中的具体运用 ··················139第四节 复合命题 ············································145一 联言命题 ··············································145二 选言命题 ··············································149三 假言命题 ··············································151……
作者介绍
李先焜（1927—2017），湖南浏阳人。逻辑学家、符号学家。1952年毕业于武汉大学经济系，1958年毕业于北京师范大学哲学研究生班。1961年调入武汉师范学院（湖北大学）任教，先后担任讲师、教授。曾任中国逻辑学会副会长、中国逻辑与语言研究会理事长、国际符号学会理事、东亚符号学会副会长、中国逻辑学会符号学专业委员会主任。参与编写《逻辑百科辞典》《逻辑—正确思维和成功交际的理论》《中国逻辑史教程》等，与王维贤、陈宗明三人合著《语言逻辑引论》。译作有《逻辑与语言》、《亚里士多德的三段论》（合译）等。主要著译作结集为《李先焜文集》。
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