chapter 1 invitations to linguistics 1.1 why study language? 1.2 what is language? 1.3 design features of language i.3.1 arbitrariness 1.3.2 duality 1.3.3 creativity 1.3.4 discement 1.4 origin of language 1.5 functions of language 1.5.1 informative function 1.5.2 interpersonal function 1.5.3 performative function 1.5.4 emotive function 1.5.5 phatic munion 1.5.6 recreational function 1.5.7 metalingual function 1.6 what is linguistics? 1.7 main branches of linguistics 1.7.1 phoics 1.7.2 phonology 1.7.3 morphology 1.7.4 syntax 1.7.5 semantics 1.7.6 pragmatics 1.8 macrolinguistics 1.8.1 ycholinguistics 1.8.2 sociolinguisties 1.8.3 anthropological linguistics 1.8.4 putational linguistics 1.9 hnportant distinctions in linguistics 1.9.1 descriptive vs.prescriptive 1.9,2 synchronic vs.diachronic 1.9.3 langue & parole 1.9.4 petence & performance chapter 2 speech sounds 2.1 speech production and phoic transcription 2.1.1 speech production 2.1.2 phoic transcription—the ipa 2.2 consonants and vowels 2.2.1 consonants 2.2.2 vowels 2.2.3 the sounds of english 2.3 phonological analysis 2.3.1 phonemes 2.3.2 allophones 2.3.3 phonological rules 2.3.4 rule ordering 2.4 suprasegmentals 2,4.1 syllable 2.4.2 sonority scale 2.4.3 stress 2.4.4 intonation and tone chapter 3 words and morphology 3.1 the nature of words 3.1.1 what is aword? 3.1.2 content words and function words 3.2 types of morphemes 3.3 morphological processes 3.3.1 derivation 3.3.2 poun 3.3.3 inflection 3.3.4 minor morphological processes chapter 4 from word to text 4.1 syntactic relations 4.1.1 itional relation 4.1.2 relation of substitutability 4.1.3 relation ot co occurrence 4.2 grammatical construction and its constituents 4.2.1 grammatical construction 4.2.2 immediate constituents 4.2.3 endocentric and exocentric constructions 4.2.4 coordination and subordination 4.3 syntactic function 4.3.1 subject 4.3.2 predicate 4.3.3 obiect 4.3.4 the relation between classes and functions 4.4 category 4.4.1 number 4.4.2 gender 4.4.3 case 4.4.4 agreement 4.5 phrase,clause and sentence 4.5.1 phrase 4.5.2 clause 4.5.3 sentence 4.6 recursiveness 4.6.1 conjoining 4.6.2 embed 4.7 beyond the sentence 4.7.1 sentential connection 4.7.2 cohesion 4.7.3 coherence chapter 5 meaning 5.1 meanings of"meaning" 5.2 the referential theory 5.3 sense relations 5.3.1 synonymy 5.3.2 antonymy 5.3.3 hyponymy 5.4 ponential analysis 5.5 sentence meaning 5.5.1 cognitive semantics 5.5.2 logical semantics chapter 6 language and cognition 6.1 what is cognition? 6.2 three approaches to language and cognition 6.3 what is ycholinguistics? 6.4 language acquisition 6.4.1 holophrastic stage 6.4.2 two word stage 6.4.3 stage of three word utterances 6.4.4 fluent grammatical conversation stage 6.5 language prehension 6.5.1 word recognition 6.5.2 prehension of sentences 6.5.3 prehension of text 6.6 language production 6.6.1 access to words 6.6.2 generation of sentences 6.6.3 written language production 6.7 what is cognitive linguistics? 6.8 construal and construal operations 6.8.1 attention/salience 6.8.2 judgment/parison 6.8.3 perspeetive/situatedness 6.9 categorization 6.9.1 basic level 6.9.2 superordinate level 6.9.3 subordinate level 6.10 image schemas 6.11 metaphor 6.11.1 structural metaphors 6.11.2 orientational metaphors 6.11.3 ontological metaphors 6.12 metonymy 6.12.1 whole icm and lts part(s) 6.12.2 parts of anicm 6.13 blen theory …… chapter 7 language,culture,and society chapter 8 language in use chapter 9 language and literature chapter 10 language and puter chapter 11 second and foreign language teaching chapter 12 theories and schools of modern linguistics bibliography glossary and index
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