第*章 重点识记·核心高频词 Word List 1 ▲stem [stem] [词义] v. 起源于;阻止,遏制,制止n.(植物的)秆,茎,梗;(酒杯的)颈 [用法] ①v. from sth. stem from sth. 是……的结果;起源于……,根源是…… ②from stem to stern 从船头到船尾(习语) [真题] (阅读)The pressure stems from a mantra of modern medicine that patient care must be “data driven.” (2014.6,用法①) 这种压力源于现代医学的一个口号,即病人护理必须是由“数据驱动的”。 ▲emotion [mn] [词义] n. 强烈的感情;激情;情感;情绪 [真题] (听力)They have strong negative emotions towards math. (2021.6) 他们对数学有强烈的负面情绪。 ▲overseas [vrsiz] [词义] a. 外国的,海外的ad. 在国外,在海外 [真题] (阅读)When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water (2019.12) 出国旅行时,你是买塑料瓶装水还是冒险喝自来水? ▲largely [lɑrdli] [词义] ad. 在很大程度上;多半,主要地 [真题] (阅读)Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. (2020.12) *近的研究表明,儿童和年轻人在很大程度上更愿意在校内接受心理疏导,而非校外。 (听力)Maref Council Secretary Donna Barr said the vote was largely symbolic. (2020.12) 马雷夫理事会秘书唐娜·巴尔表示,投票在很大程度上是具有象征意义的。 ▲via [vi] [词义] prep. 通过,经由;凭借 [真题] (听力)The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video. (2020.12) 这个笼子能让他们在地球上通过视频远程观察老鼠的行为。 ▲unless [nles] [词义] conj. 除非,除非在……情况下;若非,如果不 [真题] (阅读)Unless you’re sitting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldn’t worry too much about getting sick. (2019.12) 除非你坐在咳嗽或打喷嚏的人旁边,否则你不必过于担心会生病。 ▲surround [srand] [词义] v. 围绕,环绕;包围,围住;与……紧密相关n. (物品的)边;饰边;周围 [真题] (阅读)Similar ideas surround poverty in the U.S. (2020.12) 类似的观点也与美国的贫困问题密切相关。 ▲executive [ɡzekjtv] [词义] n. 经理,主管,管理者;行政领导,领导层a. 管理的;执行的;决策的;行政的 [真题] (阅读)My father is a successful senior executive. (2021.6) 我的父亲是一位成功的高级主管。 ▲chemical [kemkl] [词义] a. 化学的,与化学有关的;化学作用的n. 化学制品,化学品 [真题] (听力)Muscle performance can also be affected by a phenomenon called “central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements effectively. (2017.6) 肌肉性能也可能受到一种被称为“中枢疲劳”的现象的影响,即身体化学信使的失衡会阻止中枢神经系统有效地指导肌肉运动。 ▲therefore [eerfr] [词义] ad. 因此,所以,因而 [真题] (阅读)Therefore, businesses need to set up their IT infrastructure so that it is designed to fit in with their employees’ work, rather than adjust their work to fit in with the company’s IT limitations. (2021.6) 因此,企业需要建立自己的信息技术基础设施,使其适用于员工的工作,而不是让员工调整自己的工作范围以适应公司的信息技术局限性。 ▲besides [bsadz] [词义] ad. 此外,以及;再说,况且prep. 除……之外(还) [真题] (阅读)Besides the airport crowds and stress, travelling at a high altitude has real effects on the body. (2019.12) 除了机场拥挤的人群和压力,高空旅行实际上对身体也有影响。 ▲immediately [miditli] [词义] ad. 立即,马上,即刻;紧接地,直接地conj. 一……就,即刻 [真题] (听力)They begin to make repairs immediately. (2019.12) 他们立即开始维修。 ▲concentrate [kɑnsntret] [词义] v. 集中(注意力),聚精会神;使……集中/集合/聚集 [用法] concentrate on sth. 集中精力做某事 [真题] (听力)They could no longer concentrate on their task. (2020.9) 他们再也无法专心工作了。 ▲highway [hawe] [词义] n.(尤指城镇间的)公路,干道,交通要道 [真题] (阅读)The 18th century really was a waterborne century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th century a highway, car, truck century—and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air. (2019.12) 18世纪确 实是水运世纪,19世纪是铁路世纪,20世纪是公路、汽车和卡车世纪,随着全球日益通过航空联系起来,21世纪将逐渐成为航空世纪。 ▲electric [lektrk] [词义] a. 电的;用电的,电动的;发电的;导电的 [真题] (阅读)A growing number of U.S. bike riders are attracted to electric bikes for convenience, health benefits and their fun factor. (2020.12) 美国越来越多原本骑自行车的人被电动自行车的便捷性、健康益处和乐趣性吸引了眼球。 ▲apart [pɑrt] [词义] ad. 分开地,分离;(指空间或时间)相隔,相距;(指所说的不包括在内)除外 [用法] apart from 除……外(尚有),此外 [真题] (听力)Apart from my mother, not too many people I know have time for phone chats during working hours. (2020.7) 除了我妈妈,我认识的人中没有多少人有时间在工作时间打电话聊天。 ▲commit [kmt] [词义] v. 犯罪;自杀;做出(错或非法的事);承诺,保证 [用法] ①v. sth. commit a crime 犯罪 commit murder/adultery 犯凶杀罪/通奸罪 commit suicide 自杀 ②v. sb./yourself (to sth./to doing sth.) commit sb./yourself (to sth./to doing sth.) 某人承诺或保证(做某事) [真题] (阅读)When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense. (2016.12,用法①) 当有人犯罪时,我们总是希望罪刑相当。 ▲vacation [veken] [词义] n. 假日,假期;休假 [真题] (听力)She might not get enough vacation. (2020.7) 她可能没有足够的假期。 ▲mass [ms] [词义] n. 团,堆;大量,许多;一群;(物理)质量a. 大批的,数量极多的v. 集结 [用法] ①a n. of sth. a mass of sth. 大量的……,许多的…… ②the n. the masses 群众;平民百姓 ③body n. index body mass index (BMI) 身体质量指数 [真题] (阅读)Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. (2020.9,用法③) 研究人员表明,身体质量指数与工资和收入有关。 ▲normally [nrmli] [词义] ad. 正常地,正常情况下;通常,平常地 [真题] (阅读)They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper engages in the kind of physical movement that does not normally occur during sleep. (2020.7) 他们向一群患有梦游症的患者教授了一系列舞蹈动作,而这些动作是受试者在睡眠期间通常无法做出的。 ▲represent [reprzent] [词义] v. 代理,代表(个人或团体);相当于,代表着;描述,表现 [真题] (阅读)For the bulk of our species’ approximately 200,000-year lifespan, we had no means of precisely representing quantities. (2021.6) 我们人类大约存在了20万年,在大部分时间里,我们都无法精确地表示数量。 ▲nap [np] [词义] n.(日间的)小睡,打盹v. 打盹,小睡(尤指日间) [真题] (阅读)Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material. (2020.7) 哈佛大学的研究人员罗伯特·斯蒂克戈尔德建议,临睡前学习或下午学习后小睡一会儿可能会提高梦到所学内容的概率。 ▲psychological [saklɑdkl] [词义] a. 心灵的,心理的;精神上的;心理学的,关于心理学的 [真题] (阅读)He thinks that being a close loser might give people a psychological boost, or the proverbial kick in the pants. (2021.6) 他认为,“功败垂成”可能会使人在心理上受到激励,或者正如一句格言:“知耻而后勇。” ▲truly [truli] [词义] ad. 真正,确实,的确;确切地,准确地;真诚地,诚恳地,衷心地 [真题] (阅读)If we are to truly understand how much our cognitive lives differ cross-culturally, we must continually explore the depths of our species’ linguistic diversity. (2021.6) 如果我们想要真正了解人类的认知经历在跨文化中的差异程度,我们必须继续深入探索人类语言的多样性。 ▲approve [pruv] [词义] v. 批准,核准;认可,通过(计划、要求等);赞成,同意 [真题] (阅读)Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country. (2019.12) 费城市议会以13∶4的票数通过了这项新措施,该措施旨在在全国范围内为类似的倡议设立一个新的标准。 ▲principle [prn
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