本书使用的语法术语,很大程度上是传统的语法术语,但根据伦道夫·夸克等人所著的《综合英语语法》(1985年)中使用的新概念,按照需要作了修订。比如,我接受了名词短语(NP)和动词短语(VP)是句子两个基本成份的概念,以及名词短语通过后修饰可以包含定语从句或同位语从句的观点。这意味着,下列的一类句子,传统上认为是复合句,现在却被看作是简单句: a.The man who came today is his uncle. b.The rumour that he had won the bet was confirmed. 然而,我保留了有关动词不定式短语和分词短语是“短语”的看法,因为如果像夸克等人所主张的那样把它们看作是非限定式从句,就会在中国学生中引起混乱。中国学生觉得传统的术语在逻辑上更能接受。
另外,英语从句和句子结构的成分,保留了大家熟悉的名字,即主语(S),动词(V),状语(A),宾语(O),和补足语(C)。为了参阅方便,用下列陈述句来说明基本句型: SV The birds sang. SVA She drove at full speed. SVC He looked(became)angry.He was sad. SVO I bought a book. SVOiO I bought my sister a book. SVOA They sent the parcel by airmail. SVOC They elected him captain. 熟悉这些句子成分和句型是非常重要的,因为在语法可以接受的种种情况下,许多修辞手段需要使用它们。
本书适用于大学英语专业的本科学生和研究生,对其它专业的学生以及自学英语者也有很大的参考价值。
【目录】
Chapter Ⅰ
SYNTACTIC DEVICES
Ⅰ.0 Introduction
Ⅰ.1 Long and short Sentences
Ⅰ.2-4 The simple Sentence
.2 Characteristtics of the Simple Sentence
.3 The Noun Phrase in Simple Sencence
.4 The Adverbial Phrase in simple Sentences
Ⅰ.5 The compound Sentence
Ⅰ.6 The complex Sentence
Ⅰ.7 Simple,Compound and Complex Sentences Combined
Ⅰ.8-11 Branching Sentences
.8 The Right-branching or Loose Sentence
.9 The Left-branching or Periodic Sentence
.10 Multi-branching
Ⅰ.12 The Active and the Passive Voiced Sentences
Ⅰ.13-16 Syntactic Schemes of Balance
.13 General Remarks
.14 Parallelism
.15 Antithesis
.16 Chiasmus and Antimetabole
Ⅰ.17 syntactic Schemes of Inversion
Ⅰ.18-22 Syntactic Shemes of Omission
.18 General Remarks
.19 Ellipsis
.20 Fragmentary Elliptical Sentence
.21 Asyndeton(Omission of Conjunctions)
.22 Aplsiopesis(Breaking off Halway in a Sentence)
Ⅰ.23-29 syntactic Shemes of Addition of Insertion
Ⅰ.30-39 Syntactic Schemes of Repetition
Ⅰ.31-34 Series
Ⅰ.35-39 Repetition of Sentences (in whole or in Part)
Ⅰ.40-41 Syntactic Schemes of Climax and Anticlimax
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