万亿级流量转发：BFE核心技术与实现
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北京西城
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作者章淼
出版社电子工业出版社
出版时间2021-07
版次1
装帧其他
货号31213015
上书时间2023-12-15
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作者简介
章淼，百度智能云智能负载均衡架构师、百度代码规范委员会主席（兼）
目录
原 理 篇
第1 章 BFE 简介?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3
1.1 什么是BFE?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3
1.2 BFE平台介绍?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4
1.2.1 为什么需要构建BFE 平台?????????????????????????????????????????????????????4
1.2.2 BFE平台的主要功能?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????6
1.3 BFE开源项目介绍?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????7
1.3.1 BFE平台的模块组成?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????7
1.3.2 BFE开源项目中的内容??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????9
第2 章 网络前端接入技术简介?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10
2.1 什么是网络前端接入????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10
2.2 网络前端接入面临的挑战????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????11
2.3 百度的网络前端接入方案????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????13
2.4 网络前端接入技术的发展趋势????????????????????????????????????????????????????????15
第3 章 网络负载均衡技术简介?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????24
3.1 负载均衡的概念???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????24
3.2 网络负载均衡功能的实现????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????25
深入理解BFE
?VI?
3.2.1 机制说明???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????25
3.2.2 两种方式对比????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????27
3.3 四层负载均衡和七层负载均衡????????????????????????????????????????????????????????28
设 计 篇
第4 章 BFE 的设计思想????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????33
4.1 BFE转发引擎重构的缘起????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????33
4.2 BFE为什么要基于Go 语言?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????34
4.3 BFE转发引擎的主要设计思想????????????????????????????????????????????????????????37
4.4 BFE和相关开源项目的对比????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????38
第5 章 BFE 的转发模型????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????42
5.1 转发模型概述???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????42
5.1.1 基本概念???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????42
5.1.2 转发过程???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????43
5.1.3 对多租户实现机制的讨论????????????????????????????????????????????????????46
5.2 BFE的路由转发机制???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????47
5.3 条件表达式???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????49
5.3.1 设计思想???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????49
5.3.2 基本概念???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????50
5.3.3 语法介绍???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????51
5.3.4 条件原语匹配的内容????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????52
5.3.5 条件原语名称的规范????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????54
5.4 内网流量调度机制????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????55
5.4.1 内网流量调度背景介绍????????????????????????????????????????????????????????55
5.4.2 内网流量调度工作机制????????????????????????????????????????????????????????60
目 录
?VII?
5.4.3 内网转发的其他机制????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????65
第6 章 与转发相关的关键机制?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????68
6.1 健康检查机制???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????68
6.1.1 健康检查的原理????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????69
6.1.2 主动健康检查和被动健康检查????????????????????????????????????????????69
6.1.3 分布式健康检查和集中式健康检查????????????????????????????????????73
6.1.4 BFE的健康检查???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????77
6.2 超时设置???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????77
6.2.1 BFE和客户端间通信的超时????????????????????????????????????????????????78
6.2.2 BFE和后端实例间通信的超时????????????????????????????????????????????81
6.3 BFE信息透传???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????84
6.3.1 客户端IP地址的透传??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????84
6.3.2 其他信息的透传????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????85
6.4 限流机制???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????89
6.4.1 限流的概念???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????89
6.4.2 限流的配置???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????91
6.4.3 分布式限流???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????91
6.4.4 入口限流和目的限流????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????94
6.4.5 限流和内网流量调度????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????95
第7 章 运维相关机制????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????97
7.1 监控机制???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????97
7.1.1 日志监控及其问题????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????98
7.1.2 BFE的内部状态输出???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????99
7.1.3 统计状态和日志的配合使用??????????????????????????????????????????????101
深入理解BFE
?VIII?
7.2 Web Monitor基础库???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????101
7.2.1 Web Monitor概述???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????102
7.2.2 状态变量维护??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????102
7.2.3 延迟统计变量维护??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????104
7.2.4 建立专用的Web服务器?????????????????????????????????????????????????????106
7.2.5 注册回调函数??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????107
7.3 日志机制?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????108
7.3.1 日志类型?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????108
7.3.2 日志打印的注意事项??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????109
7.3.3 BFE的访问日志?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????110
7.4 配置管理????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????.111
7.4.1 BFE配置文件的分布?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????.111
7.4.2 常规配置和动态配置??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????112
7.4.3 动态配置的实现机制??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????113
第8 章 HTTPS 的优化????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????116
8.1 HTTPS优化背景及必要性?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????116
8.2 HTTPS优化的挑战????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????117
8.3 HTTPS中的优化机制?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????118
8.4 BFE中HTTPS 相关增强机制????????????????????????????????????????????????????????120
操 作 篇
第9 章 BFE 服务的安装部署??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????129
9.1 软件安装包下载安装??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????129
9.2 源代码编译方式安装??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????132
9.3 Docker方式安装?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????133
目 录
?IX?
9.4 BFE命令行参数?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????134
9.5 查看BFE 服务的运行状态?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????135
第10 章 BFE 服务的基础配置????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????136
10.1 场景说明???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????136
10.2 修改基础配置文件????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????137
10.3 转发的配置???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????138
10.3.1 转发配置流程????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????138
10.3.2 具体案例???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????139
10.3.3 服务访问验证????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????146
10.3.4 配置的重新加载????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????146
第11 章 配置负载均衡算法及会话保持?????????????????????????????????????????????????????147
11.1 子集群间的负载均衡????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????147
11.2 子集群级别的会话保持????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????149
11.2.1 配置实例???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????149
11.2.2 参数的具体含义????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????150
11.3 实例间的负载均衡????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????151
11.3.1 加权轮询配置示例????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????151
11.3.2 最小连接数的配置示例????????????????????????????????????????????????????153
11.4 实例级别的会话保持????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????154
第12 章 配置HTTPS 和更多协议?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????155
12.1 设置HTTPS 基础配置??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????155
12.1.1 配置HTTPS 端口?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????156
12.1.2 配置加密套件????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????156
12.1.3 配置服务端证书????????????????????????????????????????????????????
图书标准信息
- 作者 章淼
- 出版社 电子工业出版社
- 出版时间 2021-07
- 版次 1
- ISBN 9787121415654
- 定价 89.00元
- 装帧 其他
- 开本 16开
- 纸张 胶版纸
- 页数 280页
- 字数 300千字
- 【内容简介】
- 本书围绕BFE 开源项目，介绍网络前端接入和网络负载均衡的相关技术原理，说明BFE开源软件的设计思想和实现机制，讲解如何基于BFE开源软件搭建网络接入平台。本书共17 章，分为四个部分。部分为原理篇，介绍BFE 开源项目的概貌，并对网络前端接入技术和网络负载均衡技术做简要介绍；第二部分为设计篇，介绍BFE 开源项目的设计细节，包括BFE 的设计思想、BFE 的转发模型、BFE 的关键机制和HTTPS 的优化等；第三部分为操作篇，说明如何安装和部署BFE、如何在各种使用场景下配置BFE；第四部分为实现篇，从处理流程、插件机制、协议实现等方面说明BFE的实现机制。
- 【作者简介】
- 章淼，百度智能云智能负载均衡架构师、百度代码规范委员会主席（兼）
- 【目录】
-
原 理 篇
第1 章 BFE 简介·····························································································3
1.1 什么是BFE·························································································3
1.2 BFE平台介绍·····················································································4
1.2.1 为什么需要构建BFE 平台·····················································4
1.2.2 BFE平台的主要功能·····························································6
1.3 BFE开源项目介绍·············································································7
1.3.1 BFE平台的模块组成·····························································7
1.3.2 BFE开源项目中的内容··························································9
第2 章 网络前端接入技术简介·····································································10
2.1 什么是网络前端接入········································································10
2.2 网络前端接入面临的挑战································································11
2.3 百度的网络前端接入方案································································13
2.4 网络前端接入技术的发展趋势························································15
第3 章 网络负载均衡技术简介·····································································24
3.1 负载均衡的概念···············································································24
3.2 网络负载均衡功能的实现································································25
深入理解BFE
·VI·
3.2.1 机制说明···············································································25
3.2.2 两种方式对比········································································27
3.3 四层负载均衡和七层负载均衡························································28
设 计 篇
第4 章 BFE 的设计思想················································································33
4.1 BFE转发引擎重构的缘起································································33
4.2 BFE为什么要基于Go 语言·····························································34
4.3 BFE转发引擎的主要设计思想························································37
4.4 BFE和相关开源项目的对比····························································38
第5 章 BFE 的转发模型················································································42
5.1 转发模型概述···················································································42
5.1.1 基本概念···············································································42
5.1.2 转发过程···············································································43
5.1.3 对多租户实现机制的讨论····················································46
5.2 BFE的路由转发机制·······································································47
5.3 条件表达式·······················································································49
5.3.1 设计思想···············································································49
5.3.2 基本概念···············································································50
5.3.3 语法介绍···············································································51
5.3.4 条件原语匹配的内容····························································52
5.3.5 条件原语名称的规范····························································54
5.4 内网流量调度机制············································································55
5.4.1 内网流量调度背景介绍························································55
5.4.2 内网流量调度工作机制························································60
目 录
·VII·
5.4.3 内网转发的其他机制····························································65
第6 章 与转发相关的关键机制·····································································68
6.1 健康检查机制···················································································68
6.1.1 健康检查的原理····································································69
6.1.2 主动健康检查和被动健康检查············································69
6.1.3 分布式健康检查和集中式健康检查····································73
6.1.4 BFE的健康检查···································································77
6.2 超时设置···························································································77
6.2.1 BFE和客户端间通信的超时·····································
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