微观经济学原理

图书标准信息

• 作者 夏业良 著；[美]曼昆 编
• 出版社 高等教育出版社
• 出版时间 2005-01
• 版次 1
• ISBN 9787040171372
• 定价 45.00元
• 装帧 平装
• 开本 16开
• 纸张 胶版纸
• 页数 139页
• 字数 1000千字
• 正文语种 简体中文，英语

【内容简介】

经济学能做什么？经济学能够为大家所提供的东西到底是什么？这些问题显然要涉及到经济学的逻辑与效用，概括地说，经济学并非世俗理解中的一套致富方法或快速见效的使用工具，而仅仅是一套观察世界和分析世界的理论分析方法和应用体系。

【作者简介】

　　N．格里高利．曼（(N．GregoryMankiw），先后毕业于美国普林斯顿大学和麻省理工学院，目前是哈佛大学经济学教授和美国总统经济顾问委员会主席，讲授微观经济学、宏观经济学、统计学和经济学原理。曼昆教授是一位多产作者，经常参与学术性与政策性的争论。他的作品不但发表在

【目录】

HowPeopleMakeDecisions3
Principle#1：PeopleFaceTradeoffs3
Principle#2：TheCostofSomething
IsWhatYouGiveUPtoGetIt4
Principle#3：RationalPeopleThinkattheMargin5
Principle#4：PeopleRespondtoIncentives6

HOWPeopleInteract7
Principle#5：TradeCanMakeEveryoneBetterOff7
Principle#6：MarketsAreUsuallyaGoodWav
toOrganizeEconomicActivity8
jAdamSmithandtheInvisibleHand9
Principle#7：GovernmentsCanSometimes
ImproveMarketOutcomes9

HOWtheEconomyasaWholeWorks10
Principle8：ACountry’SStandardofLivingDependson
ItsAbilitytoProduceGoodsandServices10
Principle#9：PricesRiseWhentheGovernment
PrintsTooMuchMoney11
Principle10：SocietyFacesaShort—RunTradeoff
betweenInflationandUnemployment12
HOWtoReadThisBook13
Conclusion14
Summary14
KeyConcepts15
QuestionsforReview15
ProblemsandApplications15
TheEconomistasScientist18
TheScientificMethod：Observation，Theor
andMoreObservation19
TheRoleofAssumptions19
EconomicModels20
OurFirstModel：TheCircular-FlowDiagram21
OurSecondModel：TheProductionPossibilities
Frontier22
MicroeconomicsandMacroeconomics24
TheEconomistasPolicyAdviser26
PositiveversusNormativeAnalysis26
WhyEconomistsDisagree27
DifferencesinScientificJudgments28
DifferencesinValues28
PerceptionversusReality28
Summary30
KeyConcepts30
QuestionsforReview30
ProblemsandApplications30
AParablefortheModernEconomy33
ProductionPossibilities33
ThePrincipleofComparativeAdvantage35
AbsoluteAdvantage36
OpportunityCostandComparativeAdvantage37
ComparativeAdvantageandTrade38
ApplicationsofComparativeAdvantage39
ShouldTigerWoodsMowHisOwnLawn?39
ShouldtheUnitedStatesTradewith
OtherCountries?40
Conclusion41
Summary41
KeyConcepts41
QuestionsforReview41
ProblemsandApplications42
MarketsandCompetition47
CompetitiveMarkets47
Competition：PerfectandOtherwise47
Demand48
TheDemandCurve：TheRelationshipbetweenPriceand
QuantityDemanded48
MarketDemandversusIndividualDemand49
ShiftsintheDemandCurve50
CASESTUDY：TwoWaystoReducetheQuantity
ofSmokingDemanded53
Supply54
TheSupplyCurve：TheRelationship
betweenPriceandQuantitySupplied54
MarketSupplyversusIndividualSupply55
ShiftsintheSupplyCurve56
SupplyandDemandTogether58
Equiliblrium58
ThreeStepstoAnalyzingChangesinEquilibrium60
Conclusion：HowPricesAllocateResources65
Summary66
KeyConcepts67
QuestionsforReview67
ProblemsandApplications68
TheElasticityofDemand71
ThePriceElasticityofDemandandItsDeterminants71
ComputingthePriceElasticityofDemand72
TheMidpointMethod：ABetterWaytoCalculate
PercentageChangesandElasticities73
STUDVPricingAdmissiontoaMuseum75
OntheRoadwithElasticity75
OtherDemandElasticities76
TheElasticityofSupply77
ThePriceElasticityofSupplyandItsDeterminants77
ComputingthePriceElasticityofSupply78
TheVarietyofSupplyCurves78’
ThreeApplicationsofSupply,Demand，
andElasticity81
CanGoodNeWSforFarmingBeBadNeWSfor
Farmers?81
WhyDidOPECFailtoKeepthePriceofOilHigh?83
Conclusion84，
Summary85
KevConcepts85
QuestionsforReview85
ProblemsandApplications86
ControlsonPrices89
HOWPriceCeilingsAffectMarketOutcomes89
eASSTUDY：LinesattheGasPump91
CASESTUDY=TheMinimumWage92
HOWPriceFloorsAffectMarketOutcomes92
：DoesaDroughtNeedtoCauseaWater
Shortage?93
EvaluatingPriceControls96
Taxes97
HOWTaxesonBuyersAffectMarketOutcomes97
HowTaxesonSellersAffectMarketOutcomes99
CASESTUDY=Wh0PaystheLuxuryTax?101
Conclusion101
Summary102
KeyConcepts102
OuestionsforReview102
ProblemsandApplications102
e}{APTER7
CONSUMERS，PRODUCERS，
ANDTHEEFFICIENCYOFMARKETS106
ConsumerSurplus107
WillingnesstoPay107
UsingtheDemandCurvetoMeasureConsumer
Surplus108
HOWaLowerPriceRaisesConsumerSurplus109
WhatDoesConsumerSurplusMeasure?110
ProducerSurplus112
CostandtheWillingnesstoSell112
UsingtheSupplyCurvetoMeasureProducerSurplus113
HowaHigherPriceRaisesProducerSurplus115
MarketEfficiency116
TheBenevolentSocialPlanner116
EvaluatingtheMarketEquilibrium117
lTicketScalping120
Conclusion：MarketEfficiencyandMarketFailure121
Summary122
KeyConcepts122
QuestionsforReview122
ProblemsandApplications123
TheDeadweightLossofTaxation126
HOWaTaxAffectsMarketParticipants127
DeadweightLossesandtheGainsfromTrade129
TheDeterminantsoftheDeadweightLoss130
CASESTUDY：TheDeadweightLossDebate132
DeadweightLossandTaxRevenueasTaxesVary133
HenryGeorgeandtheLandTax134
CASESTUDY：TheLafferCurveandSupply—Side
Economics135
Conclusion137
Summary138
KeyConcepts138
QuestionsforReview138
ProblemsandApplications138
TheDeterminantsofnade141
TheEquilibriumwithoutTrade141
TheWorldPriceandComparativeAdvantage142
TheWinnersandLosersfromTrade143
TheGainsndLossesofanExportingCountry143
TheGainsandLossesofanImportingCountry145
TheEffectsofal．ariff147
lLifeinIsoland149
TheEffectsofanImportQuota150
TheArgumentsforRestrictingTrade152
F￥k0therBenefitsofInternationalTrade153
The10bsArgument153
TheNational—SecurityArgument154
TheInfant—IndustryArgument154
TheUnfair—CompetitionArgument154
TheProtection—as—a—Bargaining—ChipArgument155
CASESTUDY：TradeAgreementsandtheWorldTrade
Organization155
lGlobalization156
Conclusion157
Summary158
KeyConcepts159
QuestionsforReview159
ProblemsandApplications159
ExternalitiesandMarketInefficiency163
WelfareEconomics：ARecap164
NegativeExternalities165
PositiveExternaHties166
CASESTUDY：TechnologySpilloversandIndustrialPolicy167
PrivateSolutionstoExternalities168
TheTypesofPrivateSolutions168
TheCoaseTheorem169
WhyPrivateSolutionsDoNotAlwaysWork170
PublicPoliciestowardExternalities171
Regulation171
PigovianTaxesandSubsidies172
CASESTUDY：WhyIsGasolineTaxedSoHeavily?173
TradablePollutionPermits174
ObjectionstotheEconomicAnalysisofPollution175
Conclusion176
Summary177
KeyConcepts177
QuestionsforReview177
ProblemsandApplications177
TheDifferentKindsofGoods181
PublicGoods182
TheFree—RiderProblem183
SomeImportantPublicGoods183
CASESTUDY=AreLighthousesPublicGoods?185
TheDifficultJobofCost—BenefitAnalysis186
CommonResources187
TheTragedyoftheCommons187
SomeImportantCommonResources188
lTheSingaporeSolution188
CASESTUDY：WhvtheCowIsNotExtinct190
：ShouldYellowstoneChargeasMuchas
DisneyW6rld?191
Conclusion：TheImportanceofPropertyRights192
Summary193
KeyConcepts193
QuestionsforReview193
ProblemsandApplications193
AFinancialOverviewoftheU．S．Government196
TheFederalGovernment196
StateandLocalGovernment200
TaxesandEfficiency202
DeadweightLosses202
CASESTUDY=ShouldIncomeorConsumption
BeTaxed?203
AdministrativeBurden204
MarginalTaxRatesversusAverageTaxRates204
CASESTUDV：Iceland’sNaturalExperiment
Lump—SumTelxes205
lHowTaxesAffectMarriedwomen206
TaxesandEquity207
TheBenefitsPrinciple208
TheAbility—to—PayPrinciple208
eSTUDY：HowtheTaxBurdenIsDistributed209
CASESTUDY：HorizontalEquityandtheMarriageTax211
TaxIncidenceandTaxEquity212
TheCaseagainstTaxing
CapitalIncome213
eSUVWhoPaystheCorporateIncome’rax?214
Conclusion：TheTradeoffbetweenEquityand。
Efficiency214
Summary215’
KeyConcepts215
QuestionsforReview216
ProblemsandApplications216
WhatAreCosts?221
TotalRevenue，TotalCost，andProfit221
CostsasOpportuniWCosts221
TheCostofCapitalasanOpportunityCost222
EconomicProfitversusAccountingProfit223
IueProfitversusFictitiousProfit224
ProductionandCosts224
TheProductionFunction225
FromtheProductionFunctiontotheTotal—Cost
Curve226
TheriOUSMeasuresofCost228
FixedandVariableCosts229
AverageandMarginalCost230
CostCurvesandTheirShapes231
TVpicalCostCurves232
CostsintheShortRunandintheLongRun233
TheRelationshipbetweenShortRunandLong——Run
AverageTotalCost233
EconomiesandDiseconomiesofScale236
FELessonsfromaPinFactory236
Conclusion237
Summary238
KeyConcepts238
QuestionsforReview23jB
ProblemsandApplications239
WhatIsaCompetitiveMarket?242
TheMeaningofCompetition242
TheRevenueofaCompetitiveFirm243
ProfitMaximizationandtheCompetitiveFirm’sSupply
Curve244-
ASimpleExampleofProfitMaximization244
TheMarginal—CostCurveandtheFirm’sSupply
Decision246
TheFirm’sShort—RunDecisiontoShutDown247
SpiltMilkandOtherSunkCosts249
eASESTUDY=Near—EmptyRestaurantsandOff—Season
MiniatureGolf250
TheFirm’sLong—RunDecisiontoExitorEnter
aMarket250
MeasuringProfitinOurGraphfortheCompetitive
Firm251
TheSupplyCurveinaCompetitiveMarket253
TheShortRun：MarketSupplywithaFixedNumber
ofFirms253
’TheLongRun：MarketSupplywithEntryandExit254
WhvDoCompetitiveFirmsStayinBusinessIfTheyMake
ZeroProfit?255
AShiftinDemandintheShortRunandLongRun256
WhytheLong—RunSupplyCurveMightSlope
Upward256
Conclusion：BehindtheSupplyCurve258
Summary259
KeyConcepts259
OuestionsforReview259
ProblemsandApplications260
WhyMonopoliesArise263
MonopolyResources264
Government—CreatedMonopolies264
NaturalMonopolies265
HowMonopoliesMakeProduction
andPricingDecisions266
MonopolyversusCompetition266
AMonopoly’sRevenue268
ProfitMaximization270
Vi。WhvaMonopolvDoesNotHave
aSupplyCurve271
AMonopoly’sProfit272
CASESU0MonopolyDrugsversus
GenericDrugs272
TheWelfareCostofMonopolv274
TheDeadweightLOSS274
TheMonopoly’sProfit：ASocialCost?276
PublicPolicytowardMonopolies277
IncreasingCompetitionwithAntitrustLaws277
Regulation278
PublicOwnership279
DoingNothing280
：PublicTransportand
PrivateEnterprise280
PriceDiscrimination282
AParableaboutPricing282
TheMoraloftheStory283
TheAnalyticsofPriceDiscrimination284
ExamplesofPriceDiscrimination285
WhyPeoplePayMoreThanDogs286
Conclusion：ThePrevalenceofMonopolv288
Summary289
KeyConcepts289
QuestionsforReview289
ProblemsandApplications290
BetweenMonopolyandPerfectCompetition294
MarketswithOnlyaFewSellers295
ADuopolyExample296
Competition，Monopolies，andCartels296
TheEquilibriumforanOligopoly297
HowtheSizeofanOligopolyAffects
theMarketOutcome298
eASgSTUDY：OPECandtheWOrldOilMarket300
GameTheoryandtheEconomics0fCooperation300
i：TheGrowthofOligopoly301
ThePrisoners’Dilemma302
OligopoliesasaPrisoners’Dilemma303
OtherExamplesofthePrisoners’Dilemma304
ThePrisoners’DilemmaandtheWelfareofSociety306
WhvPeopleSometimesCooperate307
eASSiUDY：ThePrisoners’DilemmaTournament308
PublicPolicytowardOligopolies309
RestraintofTradeandtheAntitrustLaws310
ControversiesoverAntitrustPolicy310
一eASESTUDY：TheMicrosoftCase312
ls：AntitrustintheNewEconomy314
Conclusion314
Summary315
KeyConcepts315
QuestionsforReview315
ProblemsandApplications315
CompetitionwithDifferentiatedProducts319
TheMonopolisticallyCompetitiveFirm
intheShortRun319
TheLong—RunEquilibrium320
MonopolisticversusPerfectCompetition322
MonopolisticCompetitionandtheWelfareofSociety324
f：y{。IsExcessCapacityaSocialProblem?325
Advertising325
TheDebateoverAdvertising326
CASESTUDY：AdvertisingandthePriceofEyeglasses327
AdvertisingasaSignalofQuality327
BrandNames328
Conclusion330
Summary331
KeyConcepts331
QuestionsforReview331
ProblemsandApplications332
TheDemandforLabor335
TheCompetitiveProfit—MaximizingFirm336
TheProductionFunction
andtheMarginalProductofLabor337
TheValueoftheMarginalProduct
andtheDemandforLabor338
WhatCausestheLaborDemandCurvetoShift?340
TheSupplyofLabor340
TheTradeoffbetweenWorkandLeisure340
WhatCausestheLaborSupplyCurvetoShift?341
EquilibriumintheLaborMarket342
ShiftsinLaborSupply342
ShiftsinLaborDemand343
CASESTUDY：ProductivityandWages344
f：Yt：Monopsony346
The0therFactorsofProduction：LandandCapital346
EquilibriumintheMarketsforLandandCapital346
l：WhatIsCapitalIncome?348
LinkagesamongtheFactorsofProduction348
CASESTUDY：TheEconomicsoftheBlackDeath349
Conclusion350
Summary350
KeyConcepts350
QuestionsforReview351
ProblemsandApplications351
SomeDeterminantsofEquilibriumWages354
CompensatingDifferentials354
HumanCapital354
eASESTUDVTheIncreasingValueofSkills355
Ability,Effort，andChance356
LookingforTrueLove?GotoSchoo、357
CASESTUDY：TheBenefitsofBeauty358
AnAlternativeViewofEducation：Signaling358
TheSuperstarPhenomenon359
lAreEliteCollegesWorth
theCost?360
Above—EquilibriumWages：Minimum—WageLaws，
Unions，andEfficiencyWages360
TheEconomicsofDiscrimination362
MeasuringLaborMarketDiscrimination362
DiscriminationbyEmployers364
DiscriminationbyCustomersandGovernments364
CASESTUDY：DiscriminationinSports365
Conclusion366
Summary366
KeyConcepts367
QuestionsforReview367
ProblemsandApplications368
TheMeasurementofInequality371
U．S．IncomeInequality371
CASESTUDY：TheWomen’8MovementandtheIncome
Distribution372
CASSTUDY=InequalitvAroundtheWorld373
ThePovertyRate374·
ProblemsinMeasuringInequality375
EconomicMobility377
ThePoliticalPhilosophyofRedistributingIncome378
Utilitarianism378
Liberalism379
Libertarianism380
PoliciestoReducePoverty381
Minimum—WageLaws382
Wlfare382
ShouldtheGovernmentTrvtoHelp
PoorRe~ions?383
Ne~ativeIncomeTax384
In—Kind11ransfers385
AntipovertyProgramsandWorkIncentives385
Conclusion386
SchoolVouchers387
Summary388
KevConcepts389
QuestionsforReview389
ProblemsandApplications389
TheBudgetConst
raint：WhatmeConsumer
CanAfiord393
Preferences：WhattheConsumerWants395
RepresentingPreferenceswithIndifferenceCurves395
FourPropertiesofIndifferenceCurves396
TwoExtremeExamplesofIndifferenceCurves397
OptimizatiomattheConsumerChooses399
TheConsumer’sOptimalChoices400
F；：Utility：AnAlternativeWavtoDescribePreferences
andOptimization401
HowChangesinIncomeAffecttheConsumer’s
Choices401
HowChangesinPricesAffecttheConsumer’sChoices402
IncomeandSubstitutionEffects403
DerivinKtheDemandCurve405
ThreeApplications407
DoA11DemandCurvesSlopeDownward?407
HowDoWagesAffectLaborSupply?408
CASESTUDVIncomeEffectsonLaborSupply：
HistoricalTrends，LotteryWinners，and
theCarnef~ieConjecture411
HowDoInterestRatesAffectHouseholdSaving?412
Conclusion：DoPeopleReallyThinkThisWay?414
Summary415
KeyConcepts415
QuestionsforReview415
ProblemsandApplications416
AsymmetricInformation419
HiddenActions：Principals，Agents，
andMoralHazard419
HiddenCharacteristics：AdverseSelection
andtheLemonsProblem420
SignalingtoConveyPrivateInformation421
eASSTUDV：GiftsasSignals422
ScreeningtoInduceInformationRevelation422
AsymmetricInformationandPublicPolicy423
PoliticalEconomy424
TheCondorcetVoringParadox424
Arrow’sImpossibilityTheorem425
TheMedianVoterIsKing426
PoliticiansArePeopleToo427
BehavioralEconomics428
PeopleAren’tAlwaysRational428
THEVV：FarmPolicyandPolitics429
PeopleCareAboutFairness431
PeopleAreInconsistentoverTime432
Conclusion432
Summarc433
KeyConcepts433
QuestionsforReview433
ProblemsandApplications434
Glossarc435