目录 Introduction v Entry test vii 1 Present tenses 现在时态 present simple; present continuous; state verbs 1 Test practice: Listening Section 1 6 2 Past tenses 1 过去时态1 past simple; past continuous; used to; would 8 Test practice: Academic Reading 14 3 Present perfect 现在完成时 present perfect simple; present perfect continuous 18 Test practice: General Training Writing Task 1 25 4 Past tenses 2 过去时态2 past perfect simple; past perfect continuous 27 Test practice: Academic Reading 34 5 Future 1 将来时态1 plans, intentions and predictions: present continuous; going to; will 38 Test practice: General Training Reading 44 6 Future 2 将来时态2 present simple; be about to; future continuous; future perfect 48 Test practice: Academic Writing Task 2 54 7 Countable and uncountable nouns 可数名词和不可数名词 countable and uncountable nouns; quantity expressions (many, much, a lot of, some, any, a few, few, no) 55 Test practice: Academic Reading 60 8 Referring to nouns 指称名词 articles; other determiners (demonstratives, possessives, inclusives: each, every, both, all etc.) 64 Test practice: Listening Section 4 71 9 Pronouns and referencing 代词及其指代 personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns; avoiding repetition 73 Test practice: Academic Writing Task 2 79 10 Adjective and adverbs 形容词和副词 describing things: adding information about manner, place, time, frequency and intensity 80 Test practice: General Training Reading 87 11 Comparing things 比较事物 comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; other ways of comparing 90 Test practice: Academic Writing Task 1 97 12 The noun phrase 名词短语 noun + prepositional phrase; noun + participle clause; noun + to-infinitive clause 98 Test practice: Academic Reading 103 13 Modals 1 情态动词 1 ability; possibility; alternatives to modals 107 Test practice: Listening Section 4 113 14 Modals 2 情态动词 2 obligation and necessity; suggestions and advice; adverbs 114 Test practice: General Training Reading 120 15 Reported speech 间接引语 tense changes; time references; reporting questions; reporting verbs 123 Test practice: Listening Section 3 131 16 Verb+ verb patterns 动词+动词形式 verb + to-infinitive; verb + -ing; verb + preposition + -ing; verb + infinitive without to 133 Test practice: Academic Reading 140 17 Likelihood based on conditions 1 基于条件的可能性 1 zero, first and second conditionals; other ways to introduce a condition 144 Test practice: Academic Reading 150 18 Likelihood based on conditions 2 基于条件的可能性 2 third conditional; mixed conditionals; wishes and regrets; should(nt) have 154 Test practice: Academic Reading 160 19 Prepositions 介词 prepositions after verbs, adjectives and nouns; prepositional phrases 164 Test practice: Listening Section 2 171 20 Relative clauses 关系从句 relative pronouns; defining and non-defining relative clauses; prepositions 173 Test practice: Academic Reading 180 21 Ways of organising texts 组织文章的方式 subject choice; introductory it; ellipsis; organising information; it- and what-clauses 184 Test practice: Academic Writing Task 2 190 22 The passive 被动语态 the passive; reporting with passive verbs, have something done, need + -ing 191 Test practice: Academic Writing Task 1 197 23 Linking ideas 概念之间的连接 conjunctions, adverbials and prepositions; linking expressions 198 Test practice: Academic Reading 206 24 Showing your position in a text 在文中表明你的立场 pronouns; adverbs; verbs; adjectives 210 Test practice: Academic Writing Task 2 215 25 Nominalisation in written English 书面英语中的名词化 forming nouns from other parts of speech (verbs, adjectives and linking words) 216 Test practice: Academic Writing Task 1 222
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