内容提要 一、《实用英语文体学》是依据我国高等院校英语专业《英语文体学》教学大纲(1984)编写的,可供高等(师范)院校英语专业本科高年级学生使用,也可供研究生和青年教师参考。 二、本教材自1981年起就在北京师范大学英语专业高年级和研究生班使用;北京外国语学院英语研修班、中山大学、南京解放军国际关系学院也曾全部或部分采用过这个教材。在此期间,笔者曾对教材作过四次较大的修改。 三、本书的重点是当代英语非文学语言的语体分析。本书分两个单元。单元章介绍了语体分析所必需的术语和语言分析方法。第二至第四章所归纳的语体特点可供分析时查阅,教师应根据学生实际水平择要讲解,不必拘泥。第二单元介绍了几种常见的英语语体,使学生较系统地了解这几种语体的典型特点,以提高对英语语体的敏感性。 四、现实生活中的语言运用千变万化,绝不是几个简单的语体常规“型式”所能概括的。但学生如果掌握了这些“型式”的特点,就能大致判断出某一语篇(口语或笔语)的文体与某种语体常规的共同点或差距,可以进一步探讨语言使用者如何受某语境因素(如对象、目的、场合等)的影响而遵守或违背常规。这就是对语体的敏感性的提高。因此本书重视分析练习,书后附有分析范例。学生做这种练习,可能会觉得枯燥,但是,认真做过这种练习的学生,都认为这是一种较快掌握语体特点的途径,有助于加深理解和提高运用英语的能力。 五、本书得益于国内前辈和同行的鼓励和批评以及学生的反馈。英国兰开斯特大学语言学和现代英语系主任肖特(MichaelH.Short)先生也曾阅过部分初稿。本书由北京大学胡壮麟教授主审。北京大学、北京外国语学院、对外经济贸易大学、南京大学、中山大学、华中师范大学等院校的同行参加了审稿会。 目录 INTRODUCTION0.1 DEFINITION0.2 INSTITUTION AS WELL AS SYSTEM0.3 CONCEPTS OF STYLE0.4 THE NEEDS FOR STYLISTICS0.5 SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOKUnit One A Framework of Analysis of Style1 PROCEDURE OF ANALYSIS1.1 THE CONCEPT OF TEXT1.2 THE CONCEPT OF CONTEXT1.3 LEVELS OF LINGUISTIC DESCRIPTION1.4 CONSISTENCY AND RELATIVE FREQUENCY1.5 THE PLACING OF A TEXT1.6 PRINCIPLE OF COMPARN1.7 SUMMARY: A PROCEDURE OF ANALYSIS2 POTENTIAL STYLE MARKERS (1) MARKERS IN PHONOLOGY ANDGRAPHOLOGY2.1 POTENTIAL STYLE MARKERS IN PHONOLOGY2.1.1 Elisio2.1.2 Sound Patterning2.1.3 Onomatopoeia2.2 POTENTIAL STYLE MARKERS IN GRAPHOLOGY2.2.1 Punctuatio2.2.2 ParagraphingCONTENTSEXERClSES3 POTENTlAL STYLE MARKERS(2):MARKERS lN SYNTAX3.1 THE BASIC CLAUSE STRUCTURE AND THE CLASSIFlCATlON OF CLAUSETYPES3.1.1 The BaSiC Clause StruCture3.1.2 CIause Types(1)3.1.3 Clause Types(2)3.1.4 CIause Types(3)3.2 CLAUSES AS SrrUATION TYPES3.2.1 Types Of verb Meaning3.2.2 PartiCipant ROIes3.2.3 AnaIySiS Of S_tuatiOn Types and Its AppIicatlo3.3 SENTENCE TYPES3.3.1 SimpIe and MuItIpIe SentenCes3.3.2 MaiOr and Minor Sentences3.4 NOUN PHRASES3.5 SYNTAX AND THE COMPOSrrl0N OF TEXT3.5.1 Sequence and SegmentatiO3.5.2 Sequence and SaIience3.5.2.1 SegmentatiOn and SaIience3.5.2.2 Phrase Order and SaIjenCe3.5.2.3 Paralle¨sm and EmDhaSiS3.5.3 SegmentatiOn and COhesjOQUESTIONS AND EXERCISES4 POTENTIAL STYLE MARKERS(3):LEXICAL CHOICE4.1 ANGLO-SAx0N OR LATINATE WORDS4.2 GENERAL OR SPEClFIC WORDS4.3 CONCEPTUAL OR ASSOCIATIVE MEANING4.4 OTHER FEATURES OF LE.X]CAL ITEMS4.5 LEX]CAL CHOICE AND THE SHAPING OF TEXT4.5.1 Verbal Repetition and Reiteratio4.5.2 CollocatioQUESTIONS AND EXERCISESUnit Two Varieties of Contemporary English5 VARIETIES ACCORDING TO REGION AND SOCIAL GROUP5.1 REGIONAL AND SOCIAL DIALECTS5.2 STANDARD AND NON-STANDARD ENGLISH5.3 STANDARD AMERICAN AND BRITISH ENGLISH5.4 THE USE OF NON-STANDARD ENGLISH5.4.1 Markers Indicating Non-Standard Speech in Literature5.4.2 Functions of Non-Standard PortrayalsQUESTIONS AND EXERCISES6 VARIETIES ACCORDING TO MEDIUM (MODE OF DISCOURSE)6.1 CHANNEL LIMITATION AND LINGUISTIC EXPLICITNESS6.2 SPONTANEITY AND LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS6.2.1 Fluency6.2.2 Sentence Structure6.2.3 Lexical Choice6.3 AUDIENCE INTERACTION AND LINGUISTIC MANIFESTATIONS6.4 PUBLICITY OF SITUATION AND FORMALITY IN LANGUAGE6.5 A CONTINUUM OF VARIETIES ACCORDING TO MEDIUM6.6 FEATURES OF SPOKEN STYLE IN FICTIONAL DIALOGUESQUESTIONS AND EXERCISES7 VARIETIES ACCORDING TO ATTITUDE (TENOR OF DISCOURSE)7.1 LINGUISTIC MARKERS INDICATING THE DEGREES OF FORMALITY7.1.1 Phonological Markers7.1.2 Graphological Markers7.1.3 Syntactic Markers7.1.4 Lexical Markers7.2 LINGUISTIC MARKERS INDICATING THE DEGREES OF POLITENESS7.2.1 Phonological Markers7.2.2 Syntactic Markers7.2.3 Lexical Markers7.3 LINGUISTIC MARKERS INDICATING THE DEGREES OFIMPERSONALITY7.4 LINGUISTIC MARKERS INDICATING THE DEGREES OFACCESSIBILITYQUESTIONS AND EXERCISES8 VARIETIES ACCORDING TO FIELD OF DISCOURSE8.1 FIELD OF DISCOURSE8.2 THE LANGUAGE OF NEWS REPORTING8.2.1 Graphological Devices8.2.2 Syntactic Markers8.2.3 Lexical Markers8.3 THE LANGUAGE OF PRESS ADVERTISEMENTS8.3.1 Components of a Press Advertisement8.3.2 Linguistic Characteristics of Press Advertisements8.3.2.1 Graphological Devices8.3.2.2 Syntactic Devices8.3.2.3 Lexical Devices8.3.2.4 Rhetorical DevicesQUESTIONS AND EXERCISESSAMPLES OF ANALYSISBIBLIOGRAPHY编后记 作者介绍
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