C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Psychology 2 MODULE 1 Psychologists at Work 5 MODULE 2 A Science Evolves: The Past, the Present, and the Future 14 MODULE 3 Psychology’s Key Issues and Controversies 22 C H A P T E R 2 Psychological Research 30 MODULE 4 The Scientifi c Method 33 MODULE 5 Conducting Psychological Research 37 MODULE 6 Critical Research Issues 48 C H A P T E R 3 Neuroscience and Behavior 56 MODULE 7 Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior 59 MODULE 8 The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body 68 MODULE 9 The Brain 76 C H A P T E R 4 Sensation and Perception 94 MODULE 1 0 Sensing the World Around Us 97 MODULE 1 1 Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye 102 MODULE 1 2 Hearing and the Other Senses 112 MODULE 1 3 Perceptual Organization: Constructing Our View of the World 124 C H A P T E R 5 States of Consciousness 138 MODULE 1 4 Sleep and Dreams 141 MODULE 1 5 Hypnosis and Meditation 155 MODULE 1 6 Drug Use: The Highs and Lows of Consciousness 160 C H A P T E R 6 Learning 174 MODULE 1 7 Classical Conditioning 177 MODULE 1 8 Operant Conditioning 185 MODULE 1 9 Cognitive Approaches to Learning 200 C H A P T E R 7 Memory 210 MODULE 2 0 The Foundations of Memory 213 MODULE 2 1 Recalling Long-Term Memories 226 MODULE 2 2 Forgetting: When Memory Fails 236 C H A P T E R 8 Cognition and Language 246 MODULE 2 3 Thinking and Reasoning 249 MODULE 2 4 Problem Solving 258 MODULE 2 5 Language 271 C H A P T E R 9 Intelligence 282 MODULE 2 6 What Is Intelligence? 285 MODULE 2 7 Variations in Intellectual Ability 302 MODULE 2 8 Group Diff erences in Intelligence: Genetic and Environmental Determinants 307 C H A P T E R 1 0 Motivation and Emotion 314 MODULE 2 9 Explaining Motivation 317 MODULE 3 0 Human Needs and Motivation: Eat, Drink, and Be Daring 325 MODULE 3 1 Understanding Emotional Experiences 337 C H A P T E R 1 1 Sexuality and Gender 350 MODULE 3 2 Gender and Sex 353 MODULE 3 3 Understanding Human Sexual Response: The Facts of Life 366 MODULE 3 4 The Diversity of Sexual Behavior 372 C H A P T E R 1 2 Development 390 MODULE 3 5 Nature and Nurture: The Enduring Developmental Issue 393 MODULE 3 6 Prenatal Development: Conception to Birth 398 MODULE 3 7 Infancy and Childhood 406 MODULE 3 8 Adolescence: Becoming an Adult 424 MODULE 3 9 Adulthood 434 C H A P T E R 1 3 Personality 448 MODULE 4 0 Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality 451 MODULE 4 1 Trait, Learning, Biological and Evolutionary, and Humanistic Approaches to Personality 461 MODULE 4 2 Assessing Personality: Determining What Makes Us Distinctive 474 C H A P T E R 1 4 Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being 484 MODULE 4 3 Stress and Coping 487 MODULE 4 4 Psychological Aspects of Illness and Well-Being 500 MODULE 4 5 Promoting Health and Wellness 507 C H A P T E R 1 5 Psychological Disorders 516 MODULE 4 6 Normal Versus Abnormal: Making the Distinction 519 MODULE 4 7 The Major Psychological Disorders 529 MODULE 4 8 Psychological Disorders in Perspective 549 C H A P T E R 1 6 Treatment of Psychological Disorders 558 MODULE 4 9 Psychotherapy: Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Cognitive Approaches to Treatment 561 MODULE 5 0 Psychotherapy: Humanistic, Interpersonal, and Group Approaches to Treatment 573 MODULE 5 1 Biomedical Therapy: Biological Approaches to Treatment 581 C H A P T E R 1 7 Social Psychology 592 MODULE 5 2 Attitudes and Social Cognition 595 MODULE 5 3 Social Infl uence and Groups 607 MODULE 5 4 Prejudice and Discrimination 615 MODULE 5 5 Positive and Negative Social Behavior 621 A P P E N D I X Going by the Numbers: Statistics in Psychology 634 MODULE 5 6 Descriptive Statistics 637 MODULE 5 7 Measures of Variability 643 MODULE 5 8 Using Statistics to Answer Questions: Inferential Statistics and Correlation 647
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