1 historical development of modern steelmaking 1.1 bottom-blown acid or bessemer process 1.2 basic bessemer or thomas process 1.3 open hearth process 1.4 oxygensteelmaking 1.5 electric furnace steelmaking exercises 2 fundamentals of iron and steelmaking 2.1 fundamentals of steelmaking reactions 2.1.1 slag-metalequilibriumin steelmaking 2.1.2 state of reactions in steelmaking 2.2 fundamentals of reactions in electric fumace steelmaking 2.2.1 slag chenustry and the carbon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus reactions in the eaf 2.2.2 control of residuals in eaf steelmaking 2.2.3 nitrogen controlin eaf steelmaking 2.3 fundamentals of stainless steel production 2.3.1 decarburization of stainless steel 2.3.2 nitrogen control in the aod 2.3.3 reduction of cr from slag 2.4 fundamentals of ladle metallurgical reactions 2.4.1deodation equilibrium and kiics 2.4.2 ladle desulfurization 2.4.3 calcium treatment of steel 2.5 fundamentals of degassing 2.5.1 fundamental thermodynamics 2.5.2 vacuum degassing kiics exercises 3 pre-treatment of hot metal 3.1 introduction 3.2 desiliconization and dephosphorization technologies 3.3 desulfurization technology 3.3.1 introduction 3.3.2 process chemistry 3.3.3 transport systems 3.3.4 process venue 3.3.5 slag management 3.3.6 lance systems 3.3.7 cycletime 3.3.8 hot metal sampling and analysis 3.3.9 reagent consumption 3.3.10 econonucs 3.3.11 process control 3.4 hotmetalthermaladjustment exercises 4 oxygen steelmaking processes 4.1 introduction 4.1.1 process description and events 4.1.2 types of oxygen steelmaking processes 4.1.3 environmentallssues 4.2 sequence of operations-top blown 4.2.1 nt layout 4.2.2 sequence ofoperations 4.2.3 shop manning 4.3 raw materials 4.3.1 introduction 4.3.2hot metal 4.3.3 scrap 4.3.4 high metallic altemative feeds 4.3.5 odeadditions 4.3.6 fluxes 4.3.7 oxygen 4.4 process reactions and energy balance 4.4.1reactions in bof steelmaking 4.4.2 slag formation in bof steelmaking 4.4.3 mass and energy balances 4.4.4 tapping practices and ladle additions 4.5 process variations …… 5 electric furnace steelmaking references
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