reface to the reissue of the materials characterization series x preface to series preface to the reissue of characterization of ite materials i preface ii acronyms v contributors xv x—ray photoelectron spectroscopy (x) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (esca) 1.1 introduction 1 1.2 fundamental principles:x and esca 2 1.3 applications of esca to ites 9 fibers 10,polymer matrix materials 13,ites 14,failure modes 19 1.4 summary 23 raman spectroscopy 2.1 introduction 26 2.2 normal raman scattering 27 2.3 surface—enhanced raman scattering 28 2.4 polymer—metal ites 29 adsorption of polymer to metal 29,adhesive—adherent interactions 33 2.5 polymer—polymer ites 38 polymer—polymer interdiffusion 38,surface segregation in polymer blends 39 2.6 fiber—polymer ites 39 stress transfer at interfaces 39,surface structure of carbon materials 41 2.7 summary 41 nmr imaging of ites 3.1 introduction 44 basis of nmr imaging 45,relaxation parameters in nmr imaging 46, pulse sequences for generating contrast in imaging 47,resolution in nmr imaging 48,utility of nmri 49,image processing 49 3.2 advanced imaging techniques 50 chemical shift imaging 50 3.3 nmri of solids 52 design limitations of high performance fiber—reinforced ites 52,interra bond quality and defect characteristics of ites 53,nmr imaging as a ite inspection technique detection of internal voids 54,detection of nonuniform dispersion of filler 55, aging of ites 56, mri as an environmental monitoring technique 58,adsorption of liquids in polymers 58,1h imagingofsolids 58,13c imagingofsolids 60 3.4 conclusions 61 nmr studies of isotope—enriched species at interfaces inverse gas chromatography dielectric spectroscopy imaging and characterization of materials by the new scanning probe techniques (stm/afm) elastic and viscoelastic behavior of ites infrared spectroscopy for ites
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