语机器翻译 人工智能 瑞诺尔(mannyrayner)
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北京丰台
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作者瑞诺尔(mannyrayner)
出版社北京大学出版社
ISBN9787301171561
出版时间2010-09
版次1
装帧平装
开本16
字数388千字
定价46元
货号xhwx_11613307
上书时间2024-07-02
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目录：
导读
preface
acknowledgements
introduction
1.1 what this book is about
1.1.1 why do spoken language translation?
1.1.2 what are the basic problems?
1.1.3 what is it realistic to attempt today?
1.1.4 what have we achieved?
1.2 overall system architecture
1.3 an illustrative example
1.4 in defence of hand-coded grammars
1.5 hybrid transfer
1.5.1 the need for grammatical knowledge
1.5.2 the need for preferences
1.6 speech processing
1.7 corpora
part 1 language processing and corpora
translation using the core language engine
2.1 introduction: multi-engine translation
2.2 word-to-word translation
2.3 quasi logical form
2.3.1 introduction
2.3.2 structure of qlf
2.3.3 qlf as a transfer formalism: examples
2.3.4 head-head relations in qlf
2.4 unification grammar and qlfs
2.4.1 the cle unification grammar formalism
2.4.2 unification grammar example: french noun phrases
2.4.3 example 2a: clauses in swedish
2.4.4 example 2b: relative clauses in swedish
2.5 orthographic analysis and the lecon
2.6 transfer rules
2.6.1 pre- and ttransfer
2.7 the qlf-based processing path
2.7.1 linguistic analysis
2.7.2 transfer and transfer preferences
2.7.3 generation
2.8 summary
grammar speisation
3.1 introduction
3.2 exnation-based learning for grammar
speisation
3.2.1 a definition of exnation-based learning
3.2.2 exnation-based learning on unification grammars
3.2.3 category speisation
3.2.4 elaborate cutting-up criteria
3.3 an lr parsing method for speised grammars
3.3.1 basic lr parsing
3.3.2 prefix merging
3.3.3 abstraction
3.4 empirical results
3.4.1 experimental setup
3.4.2 discussion of results
3.5 conclusions
choosing among interpretations
4.1 properties and discriminants
4.2 constituent pruning
4.2.1 discriminants for pruning
4.2.2 deci which edges to prune
4.2.3 probability estimates for discriminants
4.2.4 relation to other pruning methods
4.3 choosing among qlf analyses
4.3.1 analysis choice: an example
4.3.2 further advantages of a discriminant scheme .
4.3.3 numerical metrics
4.4 choosing among transferred qlfs
4.5 choosing paths in the chart
the treebanker
5.1 motivation
5.2 representational issues
5.3 overview of the treebanker
5.4 the supervised training process
5.4.1 properties and discriminants in training
5.4.2 additional functionality
5.5 training for transfer choice
5.6 evaluation and conclusions
acquisition of lecal entries
6. 1 the lecal acquisition tool, lexmake
6.2 acquiring word-to-word transfer rules
6.3 evaluation and conclusions
spelling and morphology
7.1 introduction
7.2 the description language
7.2.1 morphophonology
7.2.2 word formation and interfacing to syntax
7.3 pilation
7.3.1 piling spelling patterns
7.3.2 representing lecal roots
7.3.3 applying obligatory rules
7.3.4 interword rules
7.3.5 timings
7.4 some examples
7.4.1 multiple-letter spelling changes
7.4.2 using features to control rule application
7.4.3 interword spelling changes
7.5 debugging the rules
……
part 2 linguistic coverage
part 3 speech processing
内容简介：
计算语言学研究滥觞于上世纪五六十年代的机器翻译研究。中文的相关研究也几乎同步开始，1960年起在柏克莱加州大学研究室，王士元、邹嘉彦、c.y.dougherty等人已开始研究中英、中俄机器翻译。他们的中文计算语言学研究，可说是与世界很很好科技同步的。
精彩内容：
棒和系统的自适应能力。同书面语相比，语的声学特有的特殊，这类语音的基频、时长、幅度等特征都随表达内容、感彩等不同，变化的范围比朗读语音大得多，同时还有非语声信号和噪声，充分研究这些特，建立精细的声学模型很好重要。而且，讲话人往往是在较强的背景噪声或多讲话人环境下发音的，如果是电话自动语音翻译系统，还存在通讯干扰等其他因素的影响，因此，提高语音识别在不同说话人、不同声学环境及通道条件下的鲁棒，在语翻译系统中尤其重要。另外，在语言学层面，语句子中含有大量的修正、重复、头语、省略等非规范语言现象，研究这些特征，对语言模型进行完善，包括建模、算法和训练等各个方面，将有助于提高语音识别的正确率。
（2）翻译方法有待于进一步研究。尽管统计翻译方法具有较高的鲁棒，但是，对非规范语言现象和噪声的处理能力仍然十分有限，而且这种方法与训练语料的规模和质量密切相关。统计方法与规则方法的结合一直是人们所追求的，但是具体如何融合，多翻译引擎以什么样的集成方式可以获得优选的系统能，统计模型赖以训练的语料规模达到多大才算充分，非语言信息（手势、表情、说话人角等）如何融人翻译模型等，诸多问题都远远没有得到解决。
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