TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to Machinery Principles1 1.1Electrical Machines, Transformers, and Daily Life1 1.2A Note on Units and Notation2 1.3Rotational Motion, Newton’s Law, and Power Relationships3 1.4The Magnetic Field7 1.5Faraday’s Law―Induced Voltage from a Time-Changing Magnetic Field22 1.6Production of Induced Force on a Wire25 1.7Induced Voltage on a Conductor Moving in a Magnetic Field26 1.8The Linear DC Machine―A Simple Example27 1.9Real, Reactive, and Apparent Power in Single-phase AC Circuits36 1.10Summary41 Questions42 Problems42 References49 Chapter 2 Transformers50 2.1Why Transformers are Important to Modern Life51 2.2Types and Construction of Transformers52 2.3The Ideal Transformer53 2.4Theory of Operation of Real Single-Phase Transformers59 2.5The Equivalent Circuit of a Transformer67 2.6The Per-Unit System of Measurements74 2.7Transformer Voltage Regulation and Efficiency79 2.8Transformer Taps and Voltage Regulation86 2.9The Autotransformer87 2.10Three-Phase Transformers92 2.11Three-Phase Transformation Using Two Transformers100 2.12Transformer Ratings and Related Problems107 2.13Instrument Transformers113 2.14Summary114 Questions115 Problems116 References122 Chapter 3 Ac Machinery Fundamentals123 3.1A Simple Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field124 3.2The Rotating Magnetic Field129 3.3Magnetomotive Force and Flux Distribution on AC Machines136 3.4Induced Voltage in AC Machines138 3.5Induced Torque in an AC Machine143 3.6Winding Insulation in an AC Machine145 3.7AC Machine Power Flows and Losses146 3.8Voltage Regulation and Speed Regulation148 3.9Summary149 Questions150 Problems150 References151 Chapter 4 Synchronous Generators152 4.1Synchronous Generator Construction153 4.2The Speed of Rotation of a Synchronous Generator157 4.3The Internal Generated Voltage of a Synchronous Generator157 4.4The Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Generator158 4.5The Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous Generator162 4.6Power and Torque in Synchronous Generators163 4.7Measuring Synchronous Generator Model Parameters166 4.8The Synchronous Generator Operating Alone170 4.9Parallel Operation of AC Generators179 4.10Synchronous Generator Transients193 4.11Synchronous Generator Ratings199 4.12Summary207 Questions207 Problems208 References215 Chapter 5 Synchronous Motors216 5.1Basic Principles of Motor Operation216 5.2Steady-State Synchronous Motor Operation220 5.3Starting Synchronous Motors231 5.4Synchronous Generators and Synchronous Motors237 5.5Synchronous Motor Ratings238 5.6Summary238 Questions239 Problems240 References245 Chapter 6 Induction Motors246 6.1Induction Motor Construction247 6.2Basic Induction Motor Concepts249 6.3The Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor253 6.4Power and Torque in Induction MotorS258 6.5Induction Motor Torque?Speed Characteristics264 6.6Variations in Induction Motor Torque?speed Characteristics278 6.7Trends in Induction Motor Design285 6.8Starting Induction Motors288 6.9Speed Control of Induction Motors293 6.10Solid-State Induction Motor Drives300 6.11Determining Circuit Model Parameters306 6.12The Induction Generator313 6.13induction motor ratings318 6.14Summary319 Questions320 Problems321 References326 Chapter 7 Dc Machinery Fundamentals328 7.1A Simple Rotating Loop between Curved Pole Faces328 7.2Commutation in a Simple Four-Loop DC Machine338 7.3Commutation and Armature Construction in Real DC Machines342 7.4Problems with Commutation in Real Machines351 7.5The Internal Generated Voltage and Induced Torque Equations of Real DC Machines361 7.6The Construction of DC Machines364 7.7Power Flow and Losses in DC Machines369 7.8Summary371 Questions372 Problems372 References376 Chapter 8 Dc Motors And Generators377 8.1Introduction to DC Motors378 8.2The Equivalent Circuit of a DC Motor379 8.3The Magnetization Curve of a DC Machine380 8.4Separately Excited and Shunt DC Motors381 8.5The Permanent-Magnet DC Motor399 8.6The Series DC Motor401 8.7The Compounded DC Motor406 8.8DC Motor Starters410 8.9The Ward-Leonard System and Solid-State Speed Controllers418 8.10DC Motor Efficiency Calculations425 8.11Introduction to DC Generators427 8.12The Separately Excited Generator428 8.13The Shunt DC Generator434 8.14The Series DC Generator438 8.15The Cumulatively Compounded DC Generator439 8.16The Differentially Compounded DC Generator444 8.17Summary446 Questions447 Problems447 References457 Chapter 9 Single-Phase and Special-Purpose Motors458 9.1The Universal Motor459 9.2Introduction to Single-Phase Induction Motors461 9.3Starting Single-Phase Induction Motors468 9.4Speed Control of Single-Phase Induction Motors475 9.5The Circuit Model of a Single-Phase Induction Motor476 9.6Other Types of Motors482 9.7Summary492 Questions493 Problems494 References495 Chapter A Three-Phase Circuits496 A.1Generation of Three-Phase Voltages and Currents496 A.2Voltages and Currents in a Three-Phase Circuit499 A.3Power Relationships in Three-Phase Circuits502 A.4Analysis of Balanced Three-Phase Systems505 A.5One-Line Diagrams511 A.6Using the Power Triangle511 Questions514 Problems514 Reference516 Chapter B Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings517 B.1The Effect of Coil Pitch on AC Machines517 B.2Distributed Windings in AC Machines525 B.3Summary532 Questions533 Problems533 References534 Chapter C Salient-Pole Theory of Synchronous Machines535 C.1Development of the Equivalent Circuit of a Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator536 C.2Torque and Power Equations of a Salient-Pole Machines540 Problems542 Chapter D Tables of Constants and Conversion Factors543
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