Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of wind forecasting in train wind engineering/1 1.2 Typical scenarios of railway wind engineering/2 1.3 Key technical problems in wind signal processing/6 1.4 Wind forecasting technologies in railway wind engineering/17 1.5 Scope of this book/27 References/28 Chapter 2 Analysis of Flow Field Characteristics Along Railways 2.1 Introduction/37 2.2 Analysis of spatial characteristics of railway flow field/39 2.3 Analysis of seasonal characteristics of railway flow field/49 2.4 Summary and outlook/55 References/56 Chapter 3 Description of Singl-Point Wind Time Series Along Railways 3.1 Introduction/58 3.2 Wind anemometer layout optimization methods along railways/59 3.3 Single-point wind speedwind direction seasonal analysis/69 3.4 Single-point wind speedwind direction heteroscedasticity analysis/77 3.5 Various singlepoint wind time series description algorithms/83 3.6 Description accuracy evaluation indicators/105 3.7 Summary and outlook/111 References/112 Chapter 4 Single-point Wind Forecasting Methods Based on Deep Learning 4.1 Introduction/118 4.2 Wind data description/119 4.3 Singlepoint wind speed forecasting algorithm based on LSTM/121 4.4 Singlepoint wind speed forecasting algorithm based on GRU/130 4.5 Singlepoint wind speed direction algorithm based on Seriesnet/140 4.6 Summary and outlook/149 References/150 Chapter 5 Single-point Wind Forecasting Methods Based on Reinforcement Learning 5.1 Introduction/152 5.2 Wind data description/154 5.3 Single-point wind speed forecasting algorithm based on Q-learning/155 5.4 Single-point wind speed forecasting algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning 164 5.5 Summary and outlook/180 References/182 Chapter 6 Single-Point Wind Forecasting Methods Based on Ensemble Modeling 6.1 Introduction/184 6.2 Wind data description/185 6.3 Single-point wind speed forecasting algorithm based on multi objective ensemble/ 186 6.4 Single-point wind speed forecasting algorithm based on stacking/198 6.5 Single-point wind direction forecasting algorithm based on boosting/204 6.6 Summary and outlook/213 References/215 Chapter 7 Description Methods of Spatial Wind Along Railways 7.1 Introduction/217 7.2 Spatial wind correlation analysis/218 7.3 Spatial wind description based on WRF/230 7.4 Description accuracy evaluation indicators/239 7.5 Summary and outlook/240 References/241 Chapter 8 Data-Driven Spatial Wind Forecasting Methods Along Railways 8.1 Introduction/244 8.2 Wind data description/245 8.3 Spatial wind forecasting algorithm based on statistical model/247 8.4 Spatial wind forecasting algorithm based on intelligent model/255 8.5 Spatial wind forecasting algorithm based on deep learning model/266 8.6 Summary and outlook/276 References/277 Nomenclature/278
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