Part ⅠIntroduction Preface3 0.1Structure of Entrepreneurial Activities3 0.2Data Sources4 0.3Chapter Structure of The Book 5
Chapter 1Structural Understanding of Entrepreneurial Activities7 1.1Entrepreneurial Activities and Their Output 7 1.2Composition of the GEM Conceptual Framework8 1.3Structural Indicators of Entrepreneurial Activities9 1.4GEM Special Research 13 Part ⅡCharacteristics Structure Chapter 2Youth Entrepreneurship17 2.1Age Distribution of Youth Entrepreneurship 17 2.2Characteristics of Youth Entrepreneurship 18 2.3Quality of Youth Entrepreneurship 24 2.4Attitudes of Youth Towards Entrepreneurship 27 2.5Summary 33
Chapter 3Women Entrepreneurship 34 3.1Level of Women Entrepreneurship Activities and Trends 34 3.2Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurship in China 35 3.3Quality of Women Entrepreneurship in China 40 3.4Attitudes of Women Towards Entrepreneurship 43 3.5Summary 48
Chapter 4Senior Entrepreneurship 50 4.1Overview of Senior Entrepreneurship in China 50 4.2Quality of Senior Entrepreneurship in China 56 4.3Main factors affecting Senior Entrepreneurship 61 4.4Summary64
Chapter 5Social Entrepreneurship 66 5.1Social Entrepreneurship in Broad Definition 66 5.2Social Entrepreneurship in Narrow Definition 69 5.3Quality of Social Entrepreneurship 71 5.4Characteristics of Social Entrepreneurship74 5.5Summary80
〉〉中国创业观察——创业活动的结构分析 Contents〈〈 Chapter 6Service Sectors Entrepreneurship82 6.1Classification and Composition of Service Sector in GEM82 6.2Composition and Trends of Service Sectors Entrepreneurship in China 83 6.3Entrepreneurial Activities in Different Service Sectors 86 6.4Global Comparison in Distribution of Service Sectors Entrepreneurship95 6.5Summary99 Part ⅢQuality Structure Chapter 7Innovationbased Entrepreneurship103 7.1New Products/Services103 7.2New Market106 7.3Innovation Index106 7.4Characteristics of Innovative Entrepreneurs in Different Stages107 7.5Social Networks of Innovationbased Entrepreneurship109 7.6Internationalization of Innovationbased Entrepreneurship110 7.7Summary114
Chapter 8HighGrowth Entrepreneurship116 8.1HighExpectation and HighGrowth Entrepreneurship116 8.2Characteristics of HighGrowth Entrepreneurship118 8.3Quality of HighGrowth Entrepreneurship123 8.4Summary134
Chapter 9International Entrepreneurship135 9.1Level of Internationalization of Entrepreneurship in China135 9.2Global Comparison in International Entrepreneurship137 9.3SelfEfficacy of International Entrepreneurs140 9.4Born Global Startups142 9.5Internationalization of Different Types of Entrepreneurial Activities145 9.6Summary150
Chapter 10Employment Effects of Entrepreneurship152 10.1Employment Effects of Entrepreneurship in China and their Trends152 10.2Global Comparison in Capacity of Job Creation of Entrepreneurship154 10.3Job Creation Capacity of Entrepreneurship with Different Characteristics157 10.4Job Creation Capacity of Entrepreneurship with Different Quality162 10.5Characteristics and Quality impacts on Job Creation of Entrepreneurship165 10.6Summary168
Chapter 11Business Exits170 11.1Changing Trends of Business Exits170 11.2Reasons for Business Exits171 11.3Group Characteristics of Exited Startups175 11.4Business Exits of EarlyStage Entrepreneurial Activities181 11.5Summary186 Part ⅣRegional Structure Chapter 12Regional Entrepreneurial Activities189 12.1Level and Trends of Regional Entrepreneurial Activities in China189 12.2Factors of Difference in Regional Entrepreneurial Activities193 12.3Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Activities in two types of regions196 12.4Summary197
Chapter 13Entrepreneurship Environment of Major Cities in China199 13.1Evaluation System199 13.2Evaluation Results200 13.3Regional Difference208 13.4Summary214 Part ⅤInternational Multilateral Structure Chapter 14Comparison in Entrepreneurial Activities Between G20 and BRICS217 14.1Commonalities in Entrepreneurial Activities218 14.2Differences in Entrepreneurial Activities229 14.3Comparison in Environments for Entrepreneurial Activities239 14.4Summary249 Part ⅥEcosystem Structure Chapter 15Entrepreneurship Environment253 15.1Comprehensive Index for Entrepreneurship Environment of China253 15.2Framework Conditions of Entrepreneurship Environment of China254 15.3Changes in Entrepreneurship Environment in China264 15.4Summary268
Chapter 16Entrepreneurial Culture270 16.1SelfPerceptions270 16.2SocialPerceptions280 16.3Social and Cultural Norms287 16.4Summary290
Appendix 1Overview of GEM Methodology291 Appendix 2Summary of Public Releases of GEM China Reports Over Time292
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