chapter 1 : introduction 1.1 context analysis 1.1.1 efl context in china 1.1.2 context of the study 1.2 outline of the study chapter 2 : literature review 2.l form-focused instruction(ffi)in sla 2.1.1 naturalistic exure vs.formal instruction 2.1.2 focus on forms(fonfs) vs.focus on form(fonf) 2.1.3 explicit vs.implicit knowledge and learning 2.1.4 the role of grammar instruction in pedagogy 2.2 itive evidence vs. evidence in sla 2.3 corrective feedback in l2 writing 2.3.1 itions on corrective feedback in l2 learning 2.3.1.1 arguments against corrective feedback 2.3.1.2 arguments for corrective feedback 2.3.1.3 types of corrective feedback 2.3.2 perceptions of corrective feedback in l2 learning 2.3.2.1 perceptions 2.3.2.2 itive perceptions 2.3.3 factors in relation to corrective feedback 2.3.3.1 prior learning experiences 2.3.3.2 proficiency level 2.3.3.3 cultural factor 2.4 next step for classroom practice 2.4.1 challenges chapter 3 : methodology 3.1 research questions 3.2 participants 3.3 dependent and independent variables 3.4 data collection and analysis 3.5 research question # 1 3.5.1 data collection 3.5.2 data analysis 3.6 research question # 2 & # 3 3.6.1 questionnaires 3.6.1.1 data collection 3.6.1.2 data analysis 3.6.2 interview 3.6.2.1 data collection 3.6.2.2 data analysis 3.6.3 classroom observation chapter 4: quantitative results: pretest, ttest and delayed ttest 4.1 rq1 : overall effectiveness of cf and the type of cf in relation to studentsimprovement in l2 writing accuracy 4.1.1 descriptive statistics for indirect corrective feedback ( indirect cf) group 4.1.2 descriptive statistics for feedback on content (fc) group 4.1.3 descriptive statistics for direct corrective feedback (direct cf) group 4.1.4 descriptive statistics for across group parison 4.1.5 inferential statistics for within group parisons on overall errors 4.1.6 inferential statistics for within group parisons on individual errors 4.1.7 inferential statistics for across group parisons on overall errors 4.1.8 inferential statistics for across group parison on individual errors chapter 5 : mixed methods results: questionnaires 5.1 results for questionnaire 1 5.1.1 responses from indirect cf group 5.1.2 responses from content feedback (fc)group 5.1.3 responses from direct cf group 5.1 .g parison of results across the three grou 5.2 results for questionnaire 5.2.1 responses from indirect cf group 5.2.2 responses from content feedback (fc) group 5.2.3 responses from direct cf group 5.2.4 parison of results across the three grou 5.3 student responses to the open-ended questions in questionnaire 1 5.3.1 indirect cf group 5.3.2 content feedback (fc) group 5.3.3 direct cf group chapter 6 : qualitative results: interviews and classroom observation 6.1 responses to student interview 6.1.1 question 1 6.1.2 question 2 6.1.3 question 3 6.1.4 question 4 6.1.5 question 5 6.1.6 question 6 6.1.7 question 7 6.2 responses to teacher interview 6.3 report from classroom observation chapter 7 : discussion 7.1 quantitative results 7.1.1 time effect of feedback on overall errors for each group 7.1.2 time effect of feedback on individual error types for each group 7.1.3 group difference of feedback on overall errors 7.1.4 group difference of feedback on individual error types 7.1.5 conclusion 7.1.5.1 potential factors and reasons 7.2 mixed-methods results 7.7.1 questionnaire 1 7.2.2 questionnaire 2 7.2.3 conclusion 7.3 qualitative results chapter 8 :implications, remendations and conclusion 8.1 summary of results 8.2 pedagogical implications and remendation for efl teachers 8.2.1 considering learner factors 8.2.2 developing self-correction strategies 8.2.3 focused cf instead of prehensive correction 8.2.4 integrating grammar instruction 8.2.5 designing appropriate learning materials in class 8.3 strength 8.4 limitations 8.5 future direction 8.6 conclusion references appendix a gra criteria for linguistic accuracy appendix b test prompts appendix c questionnaires appendix d interview questions in chinese appendix e examples of student errors across pretest, ttest, and delayed ttest in the three grou appendix f text lengths appendix g examples of students responses to the open-ended questions in questionnaire one appendix h abbreviations
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