部分 句子(sentence) 章 如何写“正确”的句子(how to write correct sentences) 节 单词、词组、句子(word,phrase and sentence) 练1-1 第二节 名词词组和动词词组(noun phrase and verb phrase) 练1-2 第三节 谓语动词词组和非谓语动词词组(finite verb phrase and non-finite verb phrase) 练1-3 第四节 句子种类(varieties of sentences) 练1-4 第五节 常见句错误分析(mon mistakes) 练1-5
第二章 遣词造句的规范(choice of words and buil of sentences) 节 选词(choice of words) 练2-1 第二节 造句(buil of sentences) 练2-2 第三节 如何写“地道”的句子(how to write idiomatic sentences) 练2-3
第二部分 段落(paragraph) 第三章 段落的模式和特征(structure and characteristics of paragraph) 节 段落的模式(structure of paragraph) 练3-1 第二节 段落的特征(characteristics of paragraph) 练3-2
第四章 段落的发展方(一)(ways of paragraph development i) 节 列举和举例(listing and exemplification) 练4-1 第二节 叙述(narration) 练4-2
第五章 段落的发展方(二)(ways of paragraph development ii) 节 因果(cause and effect) 练5-1 第二节 类比一对比(parison and contrast) 练5-2 第三节 分类(classification) 练5-3 第四节 定义(definition) 练5-4
第三部分 文章(essay) 第六章 文章的结构及写作过程(structure of essay and ste of writing) 节 文章的结构(structure of essay) 练6-1 第二节 文章的写作过程(ste of essay writing) 练6-2
c ) finally, the establishment of efficient transportation and munication systems, essential services in a modernizing economy, relies heavily on a labor force of expert craftsmen who take pride in their manual skills. ( d ) to begin with, plowing (耕)fields, planting and harvesting cro, and raising livestock are all important to development and all require people who work with their hands. ( e ) manual labor is one of the principal development resources in any industrializing country. ( f ) secondly, mining natural resources, buil roads and bridges, and constructing dams for irrigation (灌溉)and electrical power are also important to development and also require people who know how to use their hands skillfully. 2 ( a ) although vastly different in form and in circumstances, most cultures have ways of enforcing laws agreed upon by the society. ( b ) as another example, in the sparsely populated great open land of places like australia, canada and brazil, a few policemen must travel great distances to enforce laws made to protect people and property. ( c ) for example, in the less populated regions of the world such as tribal (部落的) areas, laws or customs may be enforced by a council of elders or by a strong chief or leader of the tribe much in the manner of a father who decides what behavior is best for his children. ( d ) in countries where most of the people live in crowded urban area, on the other hand, law enforcement is usually in the hands of large numbers of police who are directly responsible to the chief governmental offi for that area. ( e ) most societies have some means of law enforcement. ( f ) as still another instance, countries have cooperated in establishing various organizations and methods, inclu military or police action, to enforce the rules and laws agreed to by a majority of the cooperating nations.
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