On What Matters is a major work in moral philosophy. It is the long-awaited follow-up to Derek Parfit's 1984 book Reasons and Persons, one of the landmarks of twentieth-century philosophy. Parfit now presents a powerful new treatment of reasons, rationality, and normativity, and a critical examination of three systematic moral theories - Kant's ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism - leading to his own ground-breaking synthetic conclusion. Along the way he discusses a wide range of moral issues, such as the significance of consent, treating people as a means rather than an end, and free will and responsibility. On What Matters is already the most-discussed work in moral philosophy: its publication is likely to establish it as a modern classic which everyone working on moral philosophy will have to read, and which many others will turn to for stimulation and illumination. 德里克·帕菲特 (Derek Parfit,1942年12月11日—2017年1月1日)是英国当代著名哲学家和伦理学家。他的探究方向为人格同一性、理性、伦理等课题。他1984年的著述,理与人(Reasons and Persons)在世界学术界内有着很高的知名度,被广泛引用,也被不少高等学府推荐给学生和大众。他所有的研究几乎都在英国牛津大学完成,现今也依然是该校的高等级研究员。他同时亦是美国哈佛大学、纽约大学和罗格斯大学的客座教授。当代著名哲学家和伦理学家德里克·帕菲特 (Derek Parfit)于2017年1月1日去世,享年74岁。 [1]The second volume of Derek Parfit's magnum opus is in four parts. The first presents critiques of his work by four of the world's leading moral philosophers. The second contains his responses. The third and longest part is a self-contained monograph by Parfit on normativity. The final part comprises seven new essays by Parfit on Kant, reasons, irrationality, autonomy - and why the universe exists.
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