【本书目录】 Preface Acknowledgements List of abbreviations List of principal symbols 1 Digital communications overview 1.1 Electronic communications 1.2 Sources and sinks of information 1.3 Digital communications equipment 1.3.1 CODECs 1.3.2 Source,security and error control coding 1.3.3 Multiplexers 1.3.4 MODEMs 1.3.5 Multiple accessing 1.4 Radio receivers 1.5 Signal transmission 1.5.1 Line transmission 1.5.2 Radio transmission 1.6 Switching and networks 1.7 Advantages of digital communications 1.8 Summary Part One Signals and systems theory 2 Periodic and transient signals 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Periodic signals 2.2.1 Sinusoids,cisoids and phasors 2.2.2 Fourier series 2.2.3 Conditions for existence,convergence and Gibb's phenomenon 2.2.4 Bandwidth,rates of change,sampling and aliasing 2.3 Transient signals 2.3.1 Fourier transforms 2.3.2 Practical calculation of Fourier transforms 2.3.3 Fourier transform pairs 2.3.4 Fourier transform theorems and convolution 2.4 Power and enegy sectra 2.5 Generalised orthogonal function expansions 2.5.1 Review of vectors 2.5.2 Vector interpretation of waveforms 2.5.3 Orthogonal and orthonormal signals 2.5.4 Evaluation of basis function coefficients 2.5.5 Error energy and completeness 2.6 Correlation functions 2.7 Summary 2.8 Problems 3 Random Signals and noise 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Probability theory 3.2.1 Conditional probabilities,joint Probabilities and Bayes's rule 3.2.2 Statistical independence 3.2.3 Discrete probability of errors in a data block 3.2.4 Cumulative distributions and probability density functions 3.2.5 Moments,percentiles and modes 3.2.6 Joint and marginal pdfs,correlation and covariance 3.2.7 Joint moments,correlation and covariance 3.2.8 Joint Gaussian raussian random variables 3.2.9 Addition of random variables and the central limit theorem 3.3 Random processes 3.3.1 Stationarity and ergodicity 3.3.2 Strict and loose sense Gaussian processes 3.3.3 Autocorrelation and power spectral density 3.3.4 Signal memory,decorrelation time and white noise 3.3.5 Cross correlation of random processes 3.4 Summary 3.5 Problems 4 Linear systems 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Linear systems 4.2.1 Properties of linear systems 4.2.2 Importance of linear systems 4.3 Time domain description of linear systems 4.3.1 Linear differential equations 4.3.2 Discrete signals and matrix algebra 4.3.3 Continuous signals,convolution and impulse response 4.3.4 Physical interpretation of y(t)=h(t)*x(t) 4.3.5 Step response 4.4 Frequency domain description 4.5 Causality and the Hibert transform 4.6 Random signals and linear systems 4.6.1 Power spectral densities and linear systems 4.6.2 Noise bandwidth 4.6.3 Pdf of filtered noise 4.6.4 Spectrum analysers 4.7 Non-linear systems and transformation of random variables 4.7.1 Rayleigh pdf 4.7.2 Chi-square distributions 4.8 Summary 4.9 Problems Part Two Digital communications principles 5 Sampling,multiplexing and PCM 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Pulse modulation 5.3 Sampling 5.3.1 Natural and flat topped sampling 5.3.2 Baseband sampling and Nyquist's criterion 5.3.3 Aliasing 5.3.4 Practical sampling,reconstruction and signal to distortion ratio 5.3.5 Bandpass sampling 5.4 Analogue pulse multiplexing 5.5 quantised PAM 5.6 Signal to quantisation noise ration(SNqR) 5.7 Pulse code modulation 5.7.1 SNqR for linear PCM 5.7.2 SNR for decoded PCM 5.7.3 Companded PCM 5.7.4 PCM multiplexing 5.8 Bandwidth reduction techniques 5.8.1 Delta PCM 5.8.2 Differential PCM 5.8.3 Adaptive DPCM 5.8.4 Delta modulation 5.8.5 Adaptive delta modulation 5.9 Summary 5.10 Problems 6 Baseband transmission and line coding 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Baseband centre point detection 6.2.1 Baseband binary error rates in Gaussian noise 6.2.2 Multilevel baseband signalling 6.3 Error accumulation over multiple hops 6.4 Line coding 6.4.1 Unipolar signalling 6.4.2 Polar signalling 6.4.3 Dipolar signalling 6.4.4 Bipolar alternate mark inversion signalling 6.4.5 Pulse synchronisation and HDBn coding 6.4.6 Coded mark inversion(CMI) 6.4.7 nBmT coding 6.5 Multiplex telephony 6.6 Digital signal regeneration 6.6.1 PCM line 6.6.2 Equalisation 6.6.3 Eye diagrams 6.6.4 Crosstalk 6.7 Symbol Timing recovery 6.8 Repeater design 6.9 Digital transmission in local loop 6.10 Summary 6.11 Problems 7 Decision theory 7.1 Introduction 7.2 A priori,conditional and a posteriori probabilities 7.3 Symbol transition matrix 7.3.1 Binary symmetric channel 7.4 Bayes's decision criterion 7.4.1 Decision costs 7.4.2 Expected conditional decision costs 7.4.3 Optimum decision rule 7.4.4 Optimum decision threshold voltage 7.4.5 Average unconditional decision cost 7.5 Neyman-Pearson decision criterion 7.6 Summary 7.7 Problems 8 Optimum filtering for transmission and reception 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Pulse shaping for optimum transmissions 8.2.1 Intersymbol interference(ISI) 8.2.2 Bandlimiting of rectangular pulses 8.2.3 ISI-free signals 8.2.4 Nyquist's vestigal symmetry theorem 8.2.5 Raised cosine filtering 8.2.6 Nyquist filtering for rectangular pulses 8.2.7 Duobinary signalling 8.2.8 Partial response signalling 8.3 Pulse filtering for optimum reception 8.3.1 Matched filtering 8.3.2 Correlation detection 8.3.3 Decision instant SNR 8.3.4 BER performance of optimum receivers 8.3.5 Comparison of baseband matched filtering and centre point detection 8.3.6 Differences between matched filtering and correlation 8.4 Root raised cosine filtering 8.5 Equalisation 8.6 Summary 8.7 Problems 9 Information theory,source coding and encryption 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Information and entropy 9.2.1 The information measure 9.2.2 Multisymbol alphabets 9.2.3 Commonly confused entities 9.2.4 Entropy of a binary source 9.3 Conditional entropy and redundancy 9.4 Information loss due to noise 9.5 Source coding 9.5.1 code efficiency 9.5.2 Decoding variable length codewords 9.6 Variable length coding 9.6.1 Huffman coding 9.7 Source coding examples 9.7.1 Source coding for speech signals 9.7.2 High quality speech coders 9.7.3 Audio coders 9.7.4 String coding 9.8 Data encryption 9.8.1 The locked box analogy 9.8.2 Secrecy 9.8.3 Substitution and permutation 9.8.4 Confusion,diffusion and the unicity distance 9.8.5 Block ciphers and stream ciphers 9.8.6 Product ciphers 9.8.7 Data encryption standard 9.8.8 Public key encryption 9.8.9 Hash functions and OEAP 9.8.10 Hybrid public key/private key encryption and PGP 9.9 Authentication 9.10 Integrity 9.11 Digital Signatures 9.12 Summary 9.13 Problems 10 Error control coding 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Error rate control concepts 10.1.2 Threshold phenomenon 10.1.3 Applications for error control 10.2 Hamming distance and codeword wight 10.3 (n,k)block codes 10.3.1 Single parity check code 10.4 Probability of error in n-digit codewords 10.5 Linear group codes 10.5.1 Members of the group code family 10.5.2 Performance prediction 10.5.3 Error detection and correction capability 10.6 Nearest neighbour decoding of block codes 10.6.1 Hamming bound 10.7 Syndrome decoding 10.7.1 The generator matrix 10.7.2 Syndrome table for error correction 10.8 Cyclic codes 10.8.1 Polynomial codeword generation 10.8.2 Interleaving 10.9 Encoding of convolutional codes 10.9.1 Tree diagram representation 10.9.2 Trellis diagram 10.9.3 State transittion diagram 10.10 Viterbi decoding of convoltional codes 10.10.1 Decoding window 10.10.2 Sequential decoding 10.11 Practical coders 10.12 Concatenated coding and turbo codes 10.12.1 Serially concatenated codes ........ ........ ......... ......... Appendix A Tabulated values of the error function Appendix B Summations of common series Appendix C Internationl Apphaber No.5 Appendix D LAN/MAN example Standards WWW addresses Bibliography Index
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