目录 Part One Punctuation Ⅰ End punctuation marks 1 Period (.) 1)As end-up signal 2)As omission signal 3)As decimal marker 4)As separator 2 Question mark ( ? ) 1)Used after every direct question, including a short within-sentence parenthetical question 2)Used within parentheses to express the writer's uncertainty about the correctness of some facts 3 Exclamation point ( ! ) Ⅱ Internal punctuation marks 1 Comma (,) 1)As introducer 2)As coordinator 3)As inserter 4)As linker 5)As separator 6)As indicator 2 Semicolon ( ; ) 1)Between two sentences that are closely connected in idea, or independent clauses when they are not joined by the coordinating conjunctions and, but, for, or and nor 2)Before sentence connectors and some transitional phrases (connectors like however, therefore, nevertheless, moreover, furthermore, etc.; transitional phrases like for example, as a result, that is, in fact, etc.) 3)Between items in a series when any of the items listed already contains commas, or when the clause-items are long 3 Colon ( : ) 1)To introduce a list of appositives, or a list of any other kind that is introduced by such words as the following or as follows 2)To introduce formally a direct quotation 3)To connect two independent clauses when the second clause enlarges on or explains the first 4)To separate the main title and subtitle of a book, an article or a play 5)To separate the hours and minutes 6)To follow the salutation of a formal letter or the introductory remark of a speaker to the chairman and audience 4 Dash (--) 1)Used to emphasize 2)Used to mark a sudden break in thought, an interruption, or an abrupt change in tone 3)Used to set offa series of appositives 4)Used to separate a summarizing clause from a series of items 5)Used to set offa parenthetical element that is very abrupt or that has commas within it 6)Used to indicate the omission of letters or words 5 Virgule ( / )
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