Richard Paul:思辨研究专家,国际思辨研究运动主要负责人,已发表200余篇与思辨研究相关的论文、出版20部论述思辨研究的著作。Linda Elder:教育心理学专家、思辨研究专家,在美国多所大学任教,主要教授课程为教育心理学、思辨能力培养;思辨研究协会会长、思辨中心执行主任。
【目录】
Introduction Recommended Design Features Idea #1:Design instruction so that students engage in routine practice in internalizing and applying the concepts they are learning (and in evaluating their understanding of each) Idea #2:Teach students how to assess their reading Idea #3:Teach students how to assess their writing Idea #4:Teach students how to assess their speaking Idea #5:Teach students how to assess their listening idea #6:Design tests with the improvements of student thinking in mind Idea #7:Make the course "work-intensive"for the students, but not for you Idea #8:Use engaged lecture Idea #9:Require an intellectual journal (when it is relevant to your class)
Orientation (first few days) Idea #10:Give students a thorough orientation to the course Idea #11:Develop a syllabus which highlights your expectations for the students Idea #12:Give students grade profiles Idea #13:Use a"student understandings"form Idea #14:Explain to the students, when orienting them to the class, what will happen on a typical class day (and why) Idea #15:Explain the key concepts of the course explicitly during the first couple of class meetings Idea #16:Discuss class time as a time in which the students will PRACTICE thinking (within the content) using the fundamental concepts and principles of the field Idea #17: Make the point that the content is a SYSTEM of interconnected ideas Idea #18:Think of yourself as a coach Idea #19:Discuss the textbook as the thinking of the author
Daily Emphasis Idea #20:Encourage students to think——quite explicitly——about their thinking Idea #21:Encourage students to think of content as a form of thinking Idea #22:Relate content whenever possible to issues, problems, and practical situations in the lives of the students Idea #23:Target common student disabilities using specific strategies that take them into account Idea #24:Use tactics that encourage active learning Idea #25:Routinely ask questions that probe student understanding of the content Idea #26:Model skilled thinking for your students Idea #27:Cultivate important intellectual traits in instruction Idea #28:Bring intellectual standards into daily use Idea #29:Have students role play ideas other than their own Idea #30:Systematically question students using a Socratic approach Epilogue: Summarize the ideas above in brief to make the whole more intelligible
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