16.5 Safety and Health Hazards of Sunscreen Agents 124
Chapter 17 Skin Whitening Agents 127
17.1 Hydroquinone and Its Derivatives 127
17.2 Retinoic Acid or Tretinoin or Vitamin A Acid 128
17.3 Alpha Hydroxy Acid 128
17.4 Ascorbic Acid and Its Derivatives 130
17.5 Retinol and Retinaldehyde 130
17.6 Arbutin and Aloesin 131
17.7 Glabridin 132
17.8 Kojic Acid 133
17.9 Azelaic Acid 133
17.10 Some Lesser Known Extracts or Molecules for Skin Lightening 134
Chapter 18 Anti-aging Agents 138
18.1 Vitamin A, Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q10 138
18.2 Peptides 139
Chapter 19 Preservatives and Antioxidants 152
19.1 Preservatives 152
19.2 Antioxidants 155
Unit 5 Regulations on Cosmetics 159
Chapter 20 Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics in China 159
20.1 Introduction 159
20.2 CSAR and Its Regulatory System 160
20.3 Definition, Scope and Classification of Cosmetics 160
20.4 Management of Cosmetic Ingredients 163
20.5 Technical Requirements about Safety and Efficacy 164
Chapter 21 Legislative Aspects of Cosmetic Safety in the European Union 168
21.1 Introduction 168
21.2 The Requirements of the EU Regulation 168
21.3 REACH and the Classification, Labelling, and Packaging (CLP) Regulations 172
21.4 Specific Restrictions 172
Chapter 22 The United States’ Regulatory Approach to the Safety and Efficacy of Cosmetics 174
22.1 What Kinds of Products Are “Cosmetics” under the Law? 174
22.2 What Does the Law Say about the Safety and Labeling of Cosmetics? 175
22.3 Does FDA Approve Cosmetics Before They Go on the Market? 176
22.4 Who Is Responsible for Substantiating the Safety of Cosmetics? 177
22.5 Can FDA Order the Recall of a Hazardous Cosmetic from the Market? 177
22.6 What Actions Can FDA Take Against Companies or Individuals Who Market Adulterated or Misbranded Cosmetics? 177
22.7 Can FDA Inspect Cosmetics Manufacturers? 178
22.8 Does FDA Test Cosmetics or Recommend Testing Labs? 178
22.9 Do Cosmetics Firms Need to Register with FDA or Get an FDA License to Operate? 178
Unit 6 Formulations, Technologies, Analyses and Packaging of Cosmetics 180
Chapter 23 Formulations, Technologies and Analyses of Cosmetics 180
23.1 Example 1: The Manufacture and Analyses of a Cream Formulation 180
23.2 Example 2: The Manufacture and Analyses of a Suncream Formulated with Thermal Spring Waters from Ourense (NW Spain) and Sargassum muticum Extracts 183
23.3 Example 3: The Manufacture and Analyses of Several Hair Conditioner Products 185
23.4 Example 4: The Manufacture and Analyses of Lipsticks, Lip Balms and Skin Creams Containing Alkenones 188
Chapter 24 Cosmetic Packaging 195
24.1 Description 195
24.2 Purpose of Cosmetic Packaging 195
24.3 Packaging in Multiple Layers 196
24.4 Standards and Regulations 196
24.5 Environmental Aspects 197
Unit 7 Safety Testing, Efficacy and Sensory Evaluation of Cosmetic Products 199
Chapter 25 Safety Testing of Cosmetic Products 199
25.1 Introduction 199
25.2 Regulatory Requirements for Cosmetics Safety Assessments 200
25.3 Genotoxicity Assessment of Cosmetic Products 203
25.4 Skin Sensitization Assessment of Cosmetic Products 204
25.5 Endocrine Properties Assessment of Cosmetic Products 205
25.6 Assessment of Dermal Absorption of Cosmetic Products 206
25.7 Skin and Eye Irritation Assessment of Cosmetic Products 207
Chapter 26 Efficacy of Cosmetics 208
26.1 Evaluation of the Day and Night Creams 208
26.2 Clinical Study of Safety and Skin Efficacy of the Day and Night Creams 209
26.3 Statistical Analysis 211
26.4 Results and Discussion 211
Chapter 27 Sensory Evaluation of Cosmetic Products 214
27.1 Example 1: Sensory Evaluations of Personal-care Products Formulated with Natural Antioxidant Extracts 214
27.2 Example 2: Sensory Evaluation of a Suncream Formulated with Thermal Spring Waters from Ourense (NW Spain) and Sargassum muticum Extracts 218
Unit 8 Biotechnology Applied to Cosmetics 222
Chapter 28 Active Ingredients Obtained by Biotechnological Processes 222
28.1 Growth Factors 223
28.2 Enzymes 223
28.3 Stem Cells 225
Appendix Ⅰ: Names and Symbols of Selected Elements 227
以下为对购买帮助不大的评价